Intuthuko entsha kubuchwepheshe obunama-abrasive ivumela o-opharetha besikhungo somshini ukuthi benze umsebenzi wokuqeda phezulu kanye neminye imisebenzi ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngaleyo ndlela behlise izikhathi zomjikelezo, benze ngcono ikhwalithi, futhi bonge isikhathi nemali ekuqedeni ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi. Amathuluzi okuqeda ama-Abrasive ahlanganiswe kalula kuthebula elijikelezayo lomshini we-CNC noma isistimu yesibambi samathuluzi.
Ngenkathi izitolo zemishini yenkontileka ziya ngokuya zikhetha la mathuluzi, kukhona ukukhathazeka mayelana nokusebenzisa ama-abrasives ezikhungweni zemishini ezibizayo ze-CNC. Le nkinga ivamise ukuvela enkolelweni evamile yokuthi “ama-abrasives” (afana ne-sandpaper) akhulula inqwaba yensika nemfucumfucu engavala imigqa yokupholisa noma yonakalise amaslayidi aveziwe noma ama-bheringi. Lokhu kukhathazeka akunasisekelo.
"Le mishini ibiza kakhulu futhi inembe kakhulu," kusho uJanos Haraczi, umongameli weDelta Machine Company, LLC. Le nkampani iyisitolo semishini esisebenza ngokukhethekile ekukhiqizeni izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezibekezelela ngokuqinile kusuka ku-titanium, ama-nickel alloys, insimbi engagqwali, i-aluminium, ipulasitiki namanye ama-alloys angavamile. “Ngeke ngenze noma yini ezophazamisa ukunemba noma ukuqina kwemishini.”
Abantu bavame ukukholelwa ngephutha ukuthi "i-abrasive" kanye "nempahla yokugaya" yinto efanayo. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kwenziwe umehluko phakathi kwama-abrasives namathuluzi okuqeda abrasive asetshenziselwa ukususwa kwezinto ezinolaka. Amathuluzi okuqeda akhiqiza cishe izinhlayiya eziqhumayo ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, futhi inani lezinhlayiya ezilumayo elikhiqizwayo lilingana nenani lamashiphu ensimbi, uthuli lokugaya, nokuguga kwamathuluzi okukhiqizwa ngesikhathi somshini.
Ngisho noma kukhiqizwa amanani amancane kakhulu ezinhlayiya ezincane, izimfuneko zokuhlunga zamathuluzi abrasive ziyefana nalezo zomshini. U-Jeff Brooks we-Filtra Systems uthi noma iyiphi i-particle ingasuswa kalula ngesikhwama esingabizi noma i-cartridge filtration system. I-Filtra Systems yinkampani egxile ezinhlelweni zokuhlunga zezimboni, okuhlanganisa nokuhlunga okupholile kwemishini ye-CNC.
U-Tim Urano, umphathi wekhwalithi weWolfram Manufacturing, uthe noma yiziphi izindleko zokuhlunga ezengeziwe ezihlobene nokusebenzisa amathuluzi abrasive zincane kangangokuthi "akufanele ngempela zicatshangelwe, njengoba uhlelo lokuhlunga ngokwalo kufanele lususe i-particle into epholile ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi somshini."
Kule minyaka eyisishiyagalombili edlule, iWolfram Manufacturing ihlanganise i-Flex-Hone kuyo yonke imishini yayo ye-CNC yokukhipha izimbobo eziphambanayo nokuqeda phezulu. I-Flex-Hone, evela ku-Brush Research Manufacturing (BRM) e-Los Angeles, inobuhlalu obuncane obulumayo obunanyathiselwe unomphela emisebeni eguquguqukayo, iyenze ibe ithuluzi eliguquguqukayo, elibiza kancane lokulungiswa kwendawo eyinkimbinkimbi, ukuqaqa, nokushelela emaphethelweni.
Ukukhipha ama-burrs namachopho acijile emigodini ebhoboziwe kanye nezinye izindawo okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo njengama-undercuts, izikhala, ama-recesses noma amabhore angaphakathi kubalulekile. Ukususwa kwe-burr okungaphelele kungaholela ekuvinjweni noma ekuthuthukeni kuketshezi olubucayi, i-lubricant kanye negesi.
"Engxenyeni eyodwa, singasebenzisa osayizi ababili noma abathathu abahlukene be-Flex-Hones kuye ngenani lezimpambano zamachweba nosayizi wezimbobo," kuchaza u-Urano.
I-Flex-Hones yengezwe ku-turntable yamathuluzi futhi isetshenziswa nsuku zonke, ngokuvamile izikhathi ezimbalwa ngehora, kwezinye zezingxenye ezivame kakhulu zesitolo.
"Inani le-abrasive eliphuma ku-Flex-Hone alinalutho uma liqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlayiya ezigcina zipholile," kuchaza u-Urano.
Ngisho namathuluzi okusika afana nokubhoboza i-carbide kanye nezigayo zokugcina akhiqiza ama-chips adinga ukuhlungwa aphume endaweni epholile, kusho u-Eric Sun, umsunguli we-Orange Vise e-Orange County, eCalifornia.
“Ezinye izitolo zemishini zingase zithi, 'Angiwasebenzisi ama-abrasive lapho ngisebenza, ngakho imishini yami ayinazo nhlobo izinhlayiya.' Kodwa lokho akulona iqiniso ngisho namathuluzi okusika ayaguga, futhi i-carbide ingaqhuma bese iphelela emakhazeni,” kusho uMnu.
Nakuba i-Orange Vise ingumkhiqizi wenkontileka, inkampani ngokuyinhloko yenza izinto ezimbi nezingxenye ezishintsha ngokushesha zemishini ye-CNC, okuhlanganisa i-aluminium, insimbi, nensimbi ekhonjiwe. Le nkampani isebenza ngezikhungo ezine zeMori Seiki NHX4000 ezinesivinini esikhulu ezivundlile kanye nezikhungo ezimbili zokuma mpo eziqondile.
NgokukaMnu. Sun, imikhuba eminingi emibi yenziwe ngensimbi enobumba enobuso obuqinile obukhethiwe. Ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela ofanayo njengendawo eqinile, i-Orange Vise isebenzise ibhulashi le-NamPower abrasive disc kusuka ku-Brush Research.
Amabhulashi e-NamPower Abrasive Disc enziwe ngamafayibha abrasive enayiloni aguquguqukayo ahlanganiswe ne-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic backing futhi ayinhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yama-ceramic kanye nama-abrasive e-silicon carbide. Amafayibha abrasive asebenza njengamafayela aguquguqukayo, alandela amakhonsathi engxenye, ukuhlanza nokugcwalisa imiphetho nezindawo, okuqinisekisa ukukhishwa okuphezulu kwe-burr kanye nokuqedwa kwendawo ebushelelezi. Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivamile zihlanganisa ukushelela konqenqemeni, ukuhlanza izingxenye nokususwa kokugqwala.
Ukwenza imisebenzi yokuqeda ngaphezulu, isistimu yokulayisha ithuluzi lomshini we-CNC ngalinye ifakwe amabhulashi enayiloni abrasive. Yize iphinde isebenzise okusanhlamvu okudubekayo, uSolwazi Sun uthe ibhulashi le-NamPower “liwuhlobo oluhlukile lokuhubhuka” ngoba empeleni “liyazilola ngokwayo.” Isakhiwo sawo esiwumugqa sigcina izinhlayiya ezintsha ezibukhali ezibukhali zithintana njalo nendawo yokusebenza futhi kancane kancane ziyaguga, ziveze izinhlayiya ezintsha ezisikwayo.
"Besilokhu sisebenzisa amabhulashi enayiloni abrasive e-NamPower nsuku zonke iminyaka eyisithupha manje. Ngaleso sikhathi, asikaze sibe nezinkinga ngezinhlayiya noma isihlabathi esingena ezindaweni ezibucayi, "kwengeza uMnu. “Ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwethu, ngisho nenani elincane lesihlabathi alibangeli izinkinga.”
Izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukugaya, ukucija, ukugqobhoza, ukuqedela nokupholisha. Izibonelo zifaka i-garnet, i-carborundum, i-corundum, i-silicon carbide, i-cubic boron nitride nedayimane ngosayizi abahlukahlukene bezinhlayiyana.
Into enezici zensimbi futhi yakhiwe izakhi zamakhemikhali ezimbili noma ngaphezulu, okungenani eyodwa yazo eyinsimbi.
Ingxenye efana nentambo yezinto ezakha emaphethelweni ocezu lokusebenza ngesikhathi somshini. Ngokuvamile ibukhali. Ingasuswa ngamafayela esandla, amasondo okugaya noma amabhande, amasondo ocingo, amabhulashi abrasive, ijetting yamanzi, noma ezinye izindlela.
Izikhonkwane ezine-tapered zisetshenziselwa ukusekela isiphetho esisodwa noma zombili ze-workpiece ngesikhathi somshini. Isikhungo sifakwe embobeni ebhoboziwe ekugcineni kwendawo yokusebenza. Isikhungo esizungeza nesiqeshana sokusebenza sibizwa ngokuthi “isikhungo esibukhoma” futhi isikhungo esingajikijeli ngesiqeshana somsebenzi sibizwa ngokuthi “isikhungo esifile.”
Isilawuli esisekelwe ku-microprocessor esidizayinelwe ukusetshenziswa ngamathuluzi omshini ukuze udale noma uguqule izingxenye. Uhlelo lwe-CNC oluhleliwe lusebenzisa isistimu ye-servo yomshini kanye ne-spindle drive futhi ilawula imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yokwenza imishini. Bheka i-DNC (ukulawula izinombolo eziqondile); I-CNC (ukulawula izinombolo zekhompyutha).
Uketshezi olunciphisa ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kusixhumi esibonakalayo sethuluzi/ucezu lokusebenza ngesikhathi somshini. Imvamisa iba sesimweni esiwuketshezi, njengezingxube ezincibilikayo noma zamakhemikhali (semi-synthetic, synthetic), kodwa futhi ingase ibe umoya ocindezelweyo noma amanye amagesi. Ngenxa yokuthi amanzi anamandla okumunca ukushisa okukhulu, asetshenziswa kakhulu njengesithwali sokupholisa kanye noketshezi oluhlukahlukene lwensimbi. Isilinganiso samanzi noketshezi olusebenza ngensimbi siyahlukahluka kuye ngomsebenzi womshini. Bona ukusika uketshezi; uketshezi lokusika lwe-semi-synthetic; uketshezi lokusika oluncibilika ngamafutha; uketshezi lokusika lokwenziwa.
Ukusetshenziswa ngesandla kwethuluzi elinamazinyo amaningi amancane ukuzungeza amakhona abukhali nama-protrusions, kanye nokukhipha ama-burrs nama-nick. Nakuba ukugcwalisa kuvame ukwenziwa ngesandla, kungasetshenziswa njengesinyathelo esimaphakathi lapho kucutshungulwa amaqoqo amancane noma izingxenye eziyingqayizivele kusetshenziswa ifayela lamandla noma isaha sebhendi ye-contour ngokunamathiselwe kwefayela okukhethekile.
Imisebenzi yomshini lapho impahla ikhishwa kucezu lokusebenza ngokusebenzisa amasondo okugaya, amatshe, amabhande abrasive, ama-abrasive pastes, abrasive discs, abrasives, slurries, njll. Ukukhanda kuthatha izinhlobo eziningi: ukugaya ngaphezulu (ukudala indawo eyisicaba kanye/noma yesikwele); ukugaya i-cylindrical (amasilinda angaphandle nama-cones, izibopho, ama-recesses, njll.); ukugaya okungenasikhungo; i-chamfering; ukugaya intambo nokuma; ukucija ithuluzi; ukugaya okungahleliwe; i-lapping and polishing (ukugaya nge-grit enhle kakhulu ukuze udale indawo e-ultra-bushelelezi); ukucija; kanye nokugaya i-disc.
Imishini ye-CNC ekwazi ukubhoboza, ukulungisa kabusha, ukuthepha, ukugaya, nokubhora. Ivamise ukuhlonyiswa ngesiguquli sethuluzi esizenzakalelayo. Bona isiguquli samathuluzi esizenzakalelayo.
Ubukhulu be-workpiece bungase bube nokuchezuka okuncane nokuphezulu kumazinga amisiwe, kuyilapho zisamukeleka.
I-workpiece iboshelwe ku-chuck, efakwe ku-faceplate noma ehleliwe phakathi kwezikhungo. Njengoba ucezu lokusebenza luzungeza, ithuluzi (ngokuvamile ithuluzi elinephuzu elilodwa) liphakelwa eduze kwe-periphery, ekugcineni, noma ngaphezulu kwendawo yokusebenza. Izinhlobo zemishini yomshini wokusebenza zifaka: ukujika komugqa oqondile (ukusika umjikelezo we-workpiece); ukuphenduka kwe-taper (ukubumba ikhoni); isinyathelo sokuphenduka (ukuguqula izingxenye zamadayamitha ahlukene kucezu lokusebenza olufanayo); i-chamfering (i-beveling onqenqemeni noma ehlombe); ubheke (ukunquma ekugcineni); ukuthunga (ngokuvamile ngaphandle, kodwa kungase kube ngaphakathi); ukukhwabanisa (ukususwa kwensimbi ebalulekile); kanye nokuqeda (ukusikeka kokukhanya kokugcina). Kungenziwa kuma-lathes, izikhungo zokujika, ama-chuck lathes, ama-automatic lathes, nemishini efanayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-26-2025