Kupita patsogolo kwatsopano muukadaulo woboola kumalola ogwira ntchito pakati pa makina kuti achite ntchito zomaliza pamwamba ndi ntchito zina zomangira nthawi imodzi, motero amachepetsa nthawi yozungulira, kukonza ubwino, ndikusunga nthawi ndi ndalama pakumaliza popanda kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti. Zida zomaliza zoboola zimaphatikizidwa mosavuta mu tebulo lozungulira la makina a CNC kapena makina osungira zida.
Ngakhale kuti malo ogulitsira makina ogwirizana akusankha kwambiri zida zimenezi, pali nkhawa yokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito zida zomangira m'malo okwera mtengo opangira makina a CNC. Vutoli nthawi zambiri limachokera ku chikhulupiriro chofala chakuti "zomangira" (monga sandpaper) zimatulutsa udzu wambiri ndi zinyalala zomwe zingatseke mizere yozizira kapena kuwononga njira zotsetsereka kapena ma bearing omwe akuwonekera. Nkhawa zimenezi sizili ndi maziko.
“Makina awa ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri komanso olondola kwambiri,” anatero Janos Haraczi, purezidenti wa Delta Machine Company, LLC. Kampaniyi ndi malo ogulitsira makina omwe amagwira ntchito popanga zida zovuta komanso zolimba kuchokera ku titaniyamu, nickel alloys, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, aluminiyamu, pulasitiki ndi zina zachilendo. “Sindichita chilichonse chomwe chingasokoneze kulondola kapena kulimba kwa zidazo.”
Anthu nthawi zambiri amakhulupirira molakwika kuti "zosagwira ntchito" ndi "zopera" ndi chinthu chimodzi. Komabe, kusiyana kuyenera kupangidwa pakati pa zopera ndi zida zomaliza zowononga zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa zinthu mwamphamvu. Zida zomaliza sizipanga tinthu towononga nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito, ndipo kuchuluka kwa tinthu towononga zomwe zimapangidwa ndikofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa tchipisi tachitsulo, fumbi lopera, ndi kuwonongeka kwa zida zomwe zimapangidwa panthawi yopangira makina.
Ngakhale tinthu tating'onoting'ono titapangidwa, zofunikira pakusefera zida zogwirira ntchito zimakhala zofanana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga makina. Jeff Brooks wa Filtra Systems akunena kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tingachotsedwe mosavuta ndi thumba lotsika mtengo kapena makina osefera a katiriji. Filtra Systems ndi kampani yomwe imagwira ntchito kwambiri mumakina osefera mafakitale, kuphatikizapo kusefera koziziritsira kwa makina a CNC.
Tim Urano, manejala wa khalidwe la Wolfram Manufacturing, anati ndalama zina zowonjezera zosefera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zida zokwezera ndi zochepa kwambiri kotero kuti "siziyenera kuganiziridwa, chifukwa makina osefera okha akuyenera kuchotsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kuchokera ku coolant yomwe imapangidwa panthawi yokonza."
Kwa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zapitazi, Wolfram Manufacturing yakhala ikuphatikiza Flex-Hone mu makina ake onse a CNC kuti ichotse mabowo opingasa ndi kumaliza pamwamba. Flex-Hone, wochokera ku Brush Research Manufacturing (BRM) ku Los Angeles, ili ndi mikanda yaying'ono yokanda yolumikizidwa nthawi zonse ku ulusi wosinthasintha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chida chosinthasintha, chotsika mtengo chokonzekera pamwamba movutikira, kuchotsa mabowo, ndi kusalala m'mphepete.
Kuchotsa ma burr ndi m'mbali zakuthwa kuchokera m'mabowo obooledwa ndi malo ena ovuta kufikako monga ma undercuts, ma slots, malo obisika kapena mabowo amkati ndikofunikira. Kuchotsa ma burr osakwanira kungayambitse kutsekeka kapena kugwedezeka m'malo ofunikira amadzimadzi, mafuta ndi mpweya.
"Pa gawo limodzi, tingagwiritse ntchito kukula kosiyana kawiri kapena katatu kwa Flex-Hones kutengera kuchuluka kwa malo olumikizirana madoko ndi kukula kwa mabowo," akufotokoza Urano.
Ma Flex-Hones awonjezedwa pa turntable ya zida ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku lililonse, nthawi zambiri kangapo pa ola limodzi, pazinthu zina zodziwika bwino m'sitolo.
"Kuchuluka kwa abrasive komwe kumachokera ku Flex-Hone n'kochepa poyerekeza ndi tinthu tina tomwe timathera mu coolant," akutero Urano.
Ngakhale zida zodulira monga zobowolera za carbide ndi mphero zomaliza zimapanga ma chips omwe amafunika kusefedwa kuchokera mu coolant, akutero Eric Sun, yemwe anayambitsa Orange Vise ku Orange County, California.
“Masitolo ena ogulitsa makina anganene kuti, ‘Sindigwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopukutira pa ntchito yanga, kotero makina anga alibe tinthu tating’onoting’ono konse.’ Koma si zoona. Ngakhale zida zodulira zimatha, ndipo carbide imatha kuphwanyika n’kuthera mu coolant,” anatero a Sun.
Ngakhale kuti Orange Vise ndi kampani yopanga zinthu zogwirira ntchito, kampaniyo imapanga makamaka zida zosinthira zinthu mwachangu za makina a CNC, kuphatikizapo aluminiyamu, chitsulo, ndi chitsulo chosungunula. Kampaniyo imagwiritsa ntchito malo anayi osinthira zinthu othamanga kwambiri a Mori Seiki NHX4000 ndi malo awiri osinthira zinthu oimirira.
Malinga ndi a Sun, zinthu zambiri zopangidwa ndi chitsulo chopangidwa ndi malo ouma okha. Kuti akwaniritse zotsatira zomwezo monga malo ouma, Orange Vise adagwiritsa ntchito burashi ya disc ya NamPower yochokera ku Brush Research.
Maburashi a NamPower Abrasive Disc amapangidwa ndi ulusi wofewa wa nayiloni wolumikizidwa ku ulusi wolimbikitsidwa ndi thermoplastic ndipo ndi kuphatikiza kwapadera kwa zopopera za ceramic ndi silicon carbide. Ulusi wofewa umagwira ntchito ngati mafayilo osinthasintha, kutsatira mawonekedwe a gawolo, kuyeretsa ndi kuyika m'mphepete ndi malo, kuonetsetsa kuti burr imachotsedwa bwino komanso pamwamba pake pamakhala posalala. Ntchito zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kusalala m'mphepete, kuyeretsa ziwalo ndi kuchotsa dzimbiri.
Kuti agwire ntchito yomaliza pamwamba, makina aliwonse ojambulira zida za makina a CNC ali ndi maburashi a nayiloni okhwima. Ngakhale kuti imagwiritsanso ntchito tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timagunda, Pulofesa Sun anati burashi ya NamPower ndi "mtundu wina wa okhwima" chifukwa kwenikweni "imadzinola yokha." Kapangidwe kake kolunjika kamasunga tinthu tating'onoting'ono tatsopano tokhala ngati tigundana nthawi zonse ndi malo ogwirira ntchito ndipo pang'onopang'ono timatha, ndikuwulula tinthu tatsopano todulidwa.
"Takhala tikugwiritsa ntchito maburashi a nayiloni okhwima a NamPower tsiku lililonse kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi tsopano. Panthawiyo, sitinakhalepo ndi vuto lililonse ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono kapena mchenga kulowa pamalo ofunikira," anawonjezera a Sun. "Malinga ndi zomwe takumana nazo, ngakhale mchenga wochepa sumayambitsa mavuto aliwonse."
Zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popera, kupukuta, kulumikiza, kupukuta ndi kupukuta. Zitsanzo ndi monga garnet, carborundum, corundum, silicon carbide, cubic boron nitride ndi diamondi mu tinthu tating'onoting'ono tosiyanasiyana.
Chinthu chomwe chili ndi mphamvu zachitsulo ndipo chimapangidwa ndi zinthu ziwiri kapena zingapo za mankhwala, chimodzi mwa izo ndi chitsulo.
Chida chonga ulusi chomwe chimapangidwa m'mphepete mwa chinthu chogwirira ntchito panthawi yopangira zinthu. Nthawi zambiri chimakhala chakuthwa. Chingathe kuchotsedwa ndi mafayilo amanja, mawilo opukutira kapena malamba, mawilo a waya, maburashi okhwima, kutsanulira madzi, kapena njira zina.
Mapini opindika amagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira mbali imodzi kapena zonse ziwiri za workpiece panthawi yopangira makina. Pakati pake pamayikidwa mu dzenje lobowoledwa kumapeto kwa workpiece. Pakati pomwe pamazungulira ndi workpiece amatchedwa "live center" ndipo pakati pomwe samazungulira ndi workpiece amatchedwa "dead center."
Chowongolera chogwiritsa ntchito microprocessor chomwe chapangidwira makamaka kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zida zamakina kuti apange kapena kusintha ziwalo. Dongosolo la CNC lokonzedwa limayatsa dongosolo la servo la makina ndi spindle drive ndipo limayang'anira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zomangira. Onani DNC (direct numberal control); CNC (computer numberal control).
Madzi omwe amachepetsa kukwera kwa kutentha pa chipangizo/ntchito yogwirira ntchito panthawi yopangira makina. Nthawi zambiri amakhala amadzimadzi, monga zosakaniza zosungunuka kapena mankhwala (zopangidwa pang'ono, zopangidwa), komanso amatha kukhala mpweya wopanikizika kapena mpweya wina. Popeza madzi amatha kuyamwa kutentha kwakukulu, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati chonyamulira zoziziritsira ndi madzi osiyanasiyana opangira zitsulo. Chiŵerengero cha madzi ndi madzi opangira zitsulo chimasiyana malinga ndi ntchito yopangira makina. Onani madzi odulira; madzi odulira osapangidwa pang'ono; madzi odulira osungunuka ndi mafuta; madzi odulira opangidwa.
Kugwiritsa ntchito chida chokhala ndi mano ambiri ang'onoang'ono pamanja kuti chizungulire ngodya zakuthwa ndi zotuluka, komanso kuchotsa ma burrs ndi ma nick. Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri kufalitsa kumachitika ndi manja, kungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati gawo lapakati pokonza magulu ang'onoang'ono kapena zigawo zapadera pogwiritsa ntchito fayilo yamagetsi kapena contour band saw yokhala ndi cholumikizira chapadera cha fayilo.
Ntchito zomangira makina momwe zinthu zimachotsedwa pa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mawilo opunthira, miyala, malamba opunthira, ma phala opunthira, ma disc opunthira, ma abrasives, slurry, ndi zina zotero. Ntchito zomangira zimatenga mitundu yosiyanasiyana: kupunthira pamwamba (kupanga malo athyathyathya ndi/kapena a sikweya); kupunthira kozungulira (kwa masilinda akunja ndi ma cones, fillets, recesses, ndi zina zotero); kupunthira kopanda pakati; kupunthira; kupunthira ulusi ndi mawonekedwe; kunola zida; kupunthira mwachisawawa; kukulunga ndi kupukuta (kupunthira ndi grit yopyapyala kwambiri kuti pakhale malo osalala kwambiri); kukulitsa; ndi kupunthira ma disc.
Makina a CNC omwe amatha kuboola, kulumikiza, kugogoda, kugaya, ndi kuboola. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chosinthira zida chokha. Onani chosinthira zida chokha.
Miyeso ya workpiece ikhoza kukhala ndi kusiyana kochepa komanso kwakukulu kuchokera ku miyezo yokhazikitsidwa, pomwe imakhalabe yovomerezeka.
Chogwirira ntchitocho chimamangiriridwa mu chuck, yomwe imayikidwa pa faceplate kapena kukhazikika pakati pa malo. Pamene chogwirira ntchitocho chikuzungulira, chida (nthawi zambiri chida cha mfundo imodzi) chimadyetsedwa m'mphepete, kumapeto, kapena pamwamba pa chogwirira ntchitocho. Mitundu ya makina ogwirira ntchito ndi monga: kutembenuza mzere wowongoka (kudula mozungulira chigawo cha chogwirira ntchito); kutembenuza kofewa (kupanga cone); kutembenuza masitepe (kutembenuza magawo a mainchesi osiyanasiyana pa chogwirira ntchito chomwecho); kupotoza (kuzungulira m'mphepete kapena phewa); kuyang'ana (kudula kumapeto); kuluka ulusi (nthawi zambiri kunja, koma kungakhale mkati); kukwapula (kuchotsa chitsulo kwambiri); ndi kumaliza (kudula komaliza). Kutha kuchitika pa ma lathe, malo ozungulira, ma lathe a chuck, ma lathe odziyimira pawokha, ndi makina ofanana.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-26-2025