Inkqubela phambili entsha kubuchwepheshe bokurhabaxa ivumela abaqhubi beziko loomatshini ukuba benze ukugqitywa komphezulu kunye neminye imisebenzi yoomatshini ngaxeshanye, ngaloo ndlela benciphisa amaxesha okujikeleza, bephucula umgangatho, kwaye bonga ixesha kunye nemali ekugqityweni ngaphandle kwe-intanethi. Izixhobo zokugqiba ezirhabaxa zidityaniswa ngokulula kwitafile ejikelezayo yomatshini we-CNC okanye kwinkqubo yesibambi sezixhobo.
Nangona iivenkile zoomatshini abaqeshweyo zikhetha ngakumbi ezi zixhobo, kukho inkxalabo malunga nokusebenzisa ii-abrasives kwiindawo zoomatshini ze-CNC ezibizayo. Le ngxaki idla ngokuvela kwinkolelo eqhelekileyo yokuba "ii-abrasives" (ezifana nephepha lokusila) zikhupha inani elikhulu lenkunkuma kunye nenkunkuma enokuvala imigca yokupholisa okanye yonakalise iindlela ezivulekileyo okanye iibheringi. Ezi nkxalabo azinasihlahla.
“Oomashini babiza kakhulu kwaye bachanekileyo kakhulu,” utshilo uJanos Haraczi, umongameli weDelta Machine Company, LLC. Le nkampani yivenkile yoomatshini egxile ekuveliseni iindawo ezintsonkothileyo nezinganyamezeliyo ezivela kwi-titanium, i-nickel alloys, intsimbi engatyiwayo, i-aluminium, iplastiki kunye nezinye i-alloys ezingaqhelekanga. “Andiyi kwenza nantoni na enokuphazamisa ukuchaneka okanye ukuqina kwezixhobo.”
Abantu badla ngokukholelwa ngempazamo ukuba "izinto ezirhabaxa" kunye "nezinto zokugaya" ziyafana. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kwahlulwe phakathi kwezinto ezirhabaxa kunye nezixhobo zokugqiba ezirhabaxa ezisetyenziselwa ukususa izinto ezirhabaxa. Izixhobo zokugqiba azivelisi masuntswana arhabaxa ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, kwaye ubungakanani bamansuntswana arhabaxa aveliswayo bulingana nobungakanani beetships zesinyithi, uthuli lokusila, kunye nokuguguleka kwezixhobo eziveliswayo ngexesha lenkqubo yokugaya.
Nokuba kuveliswa inani elincinci kakhulu lezinto ezincinci, iimfuno zokuhluza izixhobo ezirhabaxa ziyafana nezo zoomatshini bokuchwetheza. UJeff Brooks weFiltra Systems uthi nayiphi na into encinci ingasuswa ngokulula ngenkqubo yokuhluza ibhegi okanye i-cartridge engabizi kakhulu. I-Filtra Systems yinkampani egxile kwiinkqubo zokuhluza zoshishino, kuquka ukuhluza okupholileyo koomatshini be-CNC.
UTim Urano, umphathi womgangatho weWolfram Manufacturing, uthe naziphi na iindleko zokucoca ezongezelelweyo ezinxulumene nokusebenzisa izixhobo ezirhabaxa zincinci kakhulu kangangokuba “azifanelekanga ukuba ziqwalaselwe, kuba inkqubo yokucoca ngokwayo ifanele ukususa izinto ezincinci kwi-coolant eveliswa ngexesha lenkqubo yokugaya.”
Kwiminyaka esibhozo edlulileyo, iWolfram Manufacturing idibanise iFlex-Hone kuzo zonke iimashini zayo ze-CNC zokususa imingxunya kunye nokugqiba umphezulu. IFlex-Hone, evela kwiBrush Research Manufacturing (BRM) eLos Angeles, ineentsimbi ezincinci ezirhabaxa ezinamathele ngokusisigxina kwimicu eguquguqukayo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe sisixhobo esiguquguqukayo, esingabizi kakhulu sokulungiselela umphezulu onzima, ukususa imingxunya, kunye nokuthambisa umphetho.
Kubalulekile ukususa ii-burr kunye nemiphetho ebukhali kwimingxunya egqojoziweyo nakwezinye iindawo ezinzima ukufikelela kuzo ezifana ne-undercuts, i-slots, i-recesses okanye i-internal bores. Ukususwa kwee-burr okungaphelelanga kunokubangela ukuvaleka okanye ukuxinana kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo zolwelo, i-lubricant kunye ne-gas passes.
“Kwesinye isahlulo, singasebenzisa ubukhulu obubini okanye obuthathu obahlukeneyo beFlex-Hones kuxhomekeke kwinani leendawo zokudibana kweechweba kunye nobukhulu bemingxunya,” ucacisa u-Urano.
I-Flex-Hones yongezwe kwi-turntable yezixhobo kwaye isetyenziswa yonke imihla, amaxesha amaninzi ngeyure, kwezinye zezona ndawo zixhaphakileyo evenkileni.
“Ubungakanani be-abrasive obuphuma kwiFlex-Hone abunamsebenzi xa buthelekiswa nezinye iisuntswana eziphelela kwi-coolant,” ucacisa u-Urano.
Nezixhobo zokusika ezifana nee-carbide drills kunye nee-end mills zivelisa iitships ezifuna ukuhluzwa zikhutshwe kwi-coolant, utshilo u-Eric Sun, umsunguli we-Orange Vise e-Orange County, eCalifornia.
“Ezinye iivenkile zoomatshini zinokuthi, ‘Andisebenzisi izinto ezirhabaxa kwinkqubo yam, ngoko ke oomatshini bam abanazo kwaphela iinxalenye.’ Kodwa oko akuyonyani. Nezixhobo zokusika ziyaphela, kwaye i-carbide inokuqhekeka ize iphele ikwi-coolant,” utshilo uMnu. Sun.
Nangona i-Orange Vise ingumvelisi wesivumelwano, inkampani ngokuyintloko yenza izinto eziluncedo kunye nezixhobo zokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kwiimashini ze-CNC, kubandakanya i-aluminium, intsimbi, kunye nentsimbi ephoswe ngesinyithi. Le nkampani isebenzisa iziko ezine zoomatshini beMori Seiki NHX4000 ezinesantya esiphezulu kunye neziko ezimbini zoomatshini ezithe nkqo.
Ngokutsho kukaMnu. Sun, izinto ezininzi ezenziwe ngentsimbi ephothiweyo enomgangatho oqinileyo okhethiweyo. Ukuze kufezekiswe iziphumo ezifanayo nezo zomphezulu oqinileyo, i-Orange Vise isebenzise ibrashi yediski erhabaxa yeNamPower evela kwiBrush Research.
Iibhrashi zeNamPower Abrasive Disc zenziwe ngeefayibha ze-nylon eziguquguqukayo ezidityaniswe ne-thermoplastic backing eqiniswe yifayibha kwaye ziyindibaniselwano eyahlukileyo ye-ceramic kunye ne-silicon carbide abrasives. Iifayibha ze-abrasive zisebenza njengeefayile eziguquguqukayo, zilandela imilo yenxalenye, zicoca kwaye zifake imiphetho kunye nemiphezulu, ziqinisekisa ukususwa okuphezulu kwe-burr kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu okugudileyo. Ezinye izicelo eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukuthambisa imiphetho, ukucoca iindawo kunye nokususa umhlwa.
Ukuze kwenziwe imisebenzi yokugqiba umphezulu, inkqubo nganye yokulayisha izixhobo zomatshini we-CNC ixhotyiswe ngeebhrashi ze-nylon ezirhabaxa. Nangona ikwasebenzisa iinkozo ezirhabaxa, uNjingalwazi uSun uthe ibhrashi ye-NamPower “luhlobo olwahlukileyo lwe-abrasive” kuba ngokuyintloko “iyazilola.” Ulwakhiwo lwayo oluthe tye lugcina amasuntswana amatsha arhabaxa abukhali enxibelelana rhoqo nomphezulu womsebenzi kwaye kancinci kancinci ayaguga, eveza amasuntswana amatsha okusika.
“Besisebenzisa iibhrashi ze-nayiloni ezirhabaxa zeNamPower yonke imihla kangangeminyaka emithandathu ngoku. Ngelo xesha, asikaze sibe neengxaki ngeengceba okanye isanti ezifika kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo,” wongeze watsho uMnu. Sun. “Ngokwamava ethu, nokuba sisixa esincinci sesanti asibangeli ngxaki.”
Izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukugaya, ukulola, ukulepha, ukugqiba kakuhle kunye nokupolisha. Imizekelo ibandakanya igarnet, icarborundum, icorundum, isilicon carbide, i-cubic boron nitride kunye nedayimani ngobukhulu obahlukeneyo.
Into eneempawu zesinyithi kwaye yenziwe ngezinto ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zeekhemikhali, ubuncinane enye yazo yisinyithi.
Inxalenye efana nomsonto yezinto ezisebenza emphethweni wento yokusebenza ngexesha lokwenziwa kwemishini. Ihlala ibukhali. Ingasuswa ngeefayile zesandla, amavili okusila okanye iibhanti, amavili eentambo, iibhrashi ezirhabaxa, ukugalela amanzi, okanye ezinye iindlela.
Iiphini ezithambileyo zisetyenziselwa ukuxhasa isiphelo esinye okanye zombini zesixhobo sokusebenza ngexesha lokwenziwa kwemishini. Isikhungo sifakwa kumngxunya ogqojoziweyo ekupheleni kwesixhobo sokusebenza. Isikhungo esijikeleza ngesixhobo sokusebenza sibizwa ngokuba “liziko eliphilayo” kwaye isikhungo esingajikeleziyo ngesixhobo sokusebenza sibizwa ngokuba “liziko elifileyo.”
Isilawuli esisekelwe kwi-microprocessor esenzelwe ngokukodwa ukusetyenziswa nezixhobo zomatshini ukwenza okanye ukuguqula iinxalenye. Inkqubo ye-CNC ecwangcisiweyo isebenza kwinkqubo ye-servo yomatshini kunye ne-spindle drive kwaye ilawula imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yoomatshini. Jonga i-DNC (ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwamanani); i-CNC (ulawulo lwamanani lwekhompyutha).
Ulwelo olunciphisa ukunyuka kobushushu kwindawo yokusebenza yesixhobo/yomsebenzi ngexesha lokwenziwa kwemishini. Ngokwesiqhelo lukwimo yolwelo, njengemixube enyibilikayo okanye yeekhemikhali (eyenziwe ngokwemixube, eyenziwe ngokwemixube), kodwa isenokuba ngumoya ocinezelweyo okanye ezinye iigesi. Ngenxa yokuba amanzi anako ukufunxa ubushushu obuninzi, asetyenziswa kakhulu njengesithwali sezinto ezipholileyo kunye nolwelo oluhlukeneyo lokusebenza kwesinyithi. Umlinganiselo wamanzi kulwelo lokusebenza kwesinyithi uyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kumsebenzi wokwenziwa kwemishini. Jonga ulwelo lokusika; ulwelo lokusika oluyi-semi-synthetic; ulwelo lokusika oluyi-oyile; ulwelo lokusika oluyi-synthetic.
Ukusetyenziswa ngesandla kwesixhobo esinamazinyo amaninzi amancinci ukujikeleza iikona ezibukhali kunye neeprotrusions, kunye nokususa ii-burrs kunye nee-nicks. Nangona ukufakwa kwefayile kudla ngokwenziwa ngesandla, kungasetyenziswa njengenyathelo eliphakathi xa kusetyenzwa iibhetshi ezincinci okanye iindawo ezizodwa kusetyenziswa ifayile yamandla okanye isarha yebhendi ye-contour enesinamathiselo sefayile esikhethekileyo.
Imisebenzi yoomatshini apho izinto zisuswa khona kwindawo yokusebenza ngokusebenzisa amavili okusila, amatye, iibhanti ezirhabaxa, ii-abrasive pastes, ii-abrasive discs, ii-abrasives, ii-slurry, njl. Uomatshini uthatha iindlela ezininzi: ukusila umphezulu (ukudala umphezulu othe tyaba kunye/okanye osikwere); ukusila okwisilinda (kwee-cylinder zangaphandle kunye nee-cones, ii-fillets, iindawo ezifihlakeleyo, njl.njl.); ukusila okungenaziko; ukutshiza; ukusila ngentambo kunye neemilo; ukulola izixhobo; ukusila ngokungacwangciswanga; ukugoba kunye nokupolisha (ukusila ngegrit entle kakhulu ukwenza umphezulu ogudileyo kakhulu); ukulola; kunye nokusila iidiski.
Oomatshini be-CNC abanokwenza ukubhola, ukuphinda-phinda, ukucofa, ukugaya, kunye nokubhoboza. Badla ngokuxhotyiswa ngomatshini wokutshintsha izixhobo ozenzekelayo. Jonga isixhobo sokutshintsha izixhobo ozenzekelayo.
Ubukhulu bomsebenzi bunokuba nokuphambuka okuncinci kunye nokuphezulu kwimigangatho emiselweyo, ngelixa buhlala bumkelekile.
Isixhobo somsebenzi sibotshelelwe kwi-chuck, efakwe kwi-faceplate okanye iqiniswe phakathi kweziko. Njengoko isixhobo somsebenzi sijikeleza, isixhobo (esidla ngokuba sisixhobo esinenqaku elinye) sinikwa ecaleni komda, isiphelo, okanye umphezulu wesixhobo somsebenzi. Iintlobo zoomatshini bokusebenza ziquka: ukujika ngokuthe tye (ukusika ujikeleze umjikelezo wesixhobo somsebenzi); ukujika okuthambileyo (ukubumba ikhowuni); ukujika inyathelo (ukujika iindawo zobubanzi obahlukeneyo kwisixhobo somsebenzi esifanayo); ukujika (ukujika umphetho okanye igxalaba); ukujonga (ukucheba ekupheleni); ukusonta (esidla ngokuba ngaphandle, kodwa kusenokuba ngaphakathi); ukurhawuzelela (ukususwa kwesinyithi okubalulekileyo); kunye nokugqiba (ukusika kokukhanya kokugqibela). Ingenziwa kwiilathe, iziko zokujika, iilathe zechuck, iilathe ezizenzekelayo, kunye noomatshini abafanayo.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-26-2025