Amathangi ajwayelekile epulatifomu eyisicaba yama-BEV nama-FCEV asebenzisa izinhlanganisela ze-thermoplastic kanye ne-thermoset ezakhiwe ngohlaka olunikeza isitoreji se-H2 esengeziwe esingu-25%. #hydrogen #trends
Ngemva kokuba ukubambisana neBMW kubonise ukuthi ithangi le-cubic lingaletha ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kwevolumu kunezilinda eziningi ezincane, i-Technical University yaseMunich yaqala iphrojekthi yokuthuthukisa isakhiwo esihlanganisiwe kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza engandiswa yokukhiqiza ngokulandelana. Isithombe sivela ku: TU Dresden (phezulu) kwesobunxele), Technical University yaseMunich, uMnyango Wezinhlanganisela Zekhabhoni (LCC)
Izimoto zikagesi zamaseli kaphethiloli (ama-FCEV) ezisebenza nge-hydrogen engenawo ugesi (H2) zinikeza izindlela ezengeziwe zokufeza imigomo yezemvelo engenawo ugesi. Imoto yabagibeli yamaseli kaphethiloli enenjini ye-H2 ingagcwaliswa ngemizuzu emi-5-7 futhi inobubanzi obungamakhilomitha angama-500, kodwa okwamanje ibiza kakhulu ngenxa yobuningi bokukhiqiza obuphansi. Enye indlela yokunciphisa izindleko ukusebenzisa ipulatifomu ejwayelekile yamamodeli e-BEV ne-FCEV. Lokhu akunakwenzeka okwamanje ngoba amathangi esilinda sohlobo 4 asetshenziselwa ukugcina igesi ye-H2 ecindezelwe (CGH2) kubha engu-700 kuma-FCEV awafaneleki ezindaweni zebhethri ezingaphansi komzimba eziklanywe ngokucophelela zezimoto zikagesi. Kodwa-ke, imikhumbi yokucindezela ngesimo semicamelo nama-cubes ingangena kulesi sikhala sokupakisha esiyisicaba.
Ilungelo lobunikazi i-US5577630A le-“Composite Conformal Pressure Vessel”, isicelo esafakwa yiThiokol Corp. ngo-1995 (kwesobunxele) kanye nelomkhumbi wokucindezela ongunxande onelungelo lobunikazi yi-BMW ngo-2009 (kwesokudla).
UMnyango Wezinhlanganisela Zekhabhoni (i-LCC) we-Technical University of Munich (i-TUM, eMunich, eJalimane) uhileleke kumaphrojekthi amabili okuthuthukisa lo mqondo. Owokuqala yi-Polymers4Hydrogen (i-P4H), eholwa yi-Leoben Polymer Competence Center (i-PCCL, eLeoben, e-Austria). Iphakheji yomsebenzi we-LCC iholwa nguFellow Elizabeth Glace.
Iphrojekthi yesibili yi-Hydrogen Demonstration and Development Environment (HyDDen), lapho i-LCC iholwa khona nguMcwaningi uChristian Jaeger. Zombili zihlose ukudala ukubonakaliswa okukhulu kwenqubo yokukhiqiza yokwenza ithangi le-CGH2 elifanele kusetshenziswa izinhlanganisela ze-carbon fiber.
Kunokusebenza kahle okulinganiselwe kwevolumu lapho kufakwa amasilinda amancane anobubanzi kumaseli ebhethri ayisicaba (kwesobunxele) kanye nemikhumbi yokucindezela yohlobo lwe-cubic type 2 eyenziwe ngama-liner ensimbi kanye negobolondo langaphandle le-carbon fiber/epoxy composite (kwesokudla). Umthombo Wesithombe: Izibalo 3 no-6 zivela ku-“Indlela Yokuklama Izinombolo Yesitsha Sebhokisi Lokucindezela Lohlobo II Esinemilenze Yokucindezeleka Kwangaphakathi” nguRuf noZaremba et al.
I-P4H yenze ithangi le-cube lokuhlola elisebenzisa uhlaka lwe-thermoplastic olunezintambo/izinsika zokucindezela ezihlanganisiwe ezigoqwe nge-carbon fiber reinforced epoxy. I-HyDDen izosebenzisa umklamo ofanayo, kodwa izosebenzisa i-automatic fiber layup (AFP) ukukhiqiza wonke amathangi e-thermoplastic composite.
Kusukela kwisicelo se-patent esenziwe yiThiokol Corp. kuya ku-“Composite Conformal Pressure Vessel” ngo-1995 kuya ku-German Patent DE19749950C2 ngo-1997, imikhumbi yegesi ecindezelwe “ingaba nanoma yikuphi ukucushwa kwejometri”, kodwa ikakhulukazi ukuma okuyisicaba nokungajwayelekile, emgodini oxhunywe ekusekelweni kwegobolondo. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ukuze zikwazi ukumelana namandla okwanda kwegesi.
Iphepha lika-2006 le-Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) lichaza izindlela ezintathu: isitsha sokucindezela esihlanganisiwe se-filament, isitsha sokucindezela se-microlattice esiqukethe isakhiwo sangaphakathi se-orthorhombic lattice (amaseli amancane angama-2 cm noma ngaphansi), esizungezwe isitsha se-H2 esinodonga oluncane, kanye nesitsha sokukopisha, esakhiwe isakhiwo sangaphakathi esakhiwe izingxenye ezincane ezinamathiselwe (isb., amasongo epulasitiki ayisithupha) kanye nokwakheka kwesikhumba sangaphandle esincane segobolondo. Izitsha eziphindaphindwayo zifaneleka kakhulu ezitsheni ezinkulu lapho izindlela zendabuko zingase zibe nzima ukuzisebenzisa.
I-Patent DE102009057170A efakwe yiVolkswagen ngo-2009 ichaza isitsha sokucindezela esifakwe emotweni esizohlinzeka ngokusebenza kahle kwesisindo ngenkathi sithuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwesikhala. Amathangi angunxande asebenzisa izixhumi zokucindezela phakathi kwezindonga ezimbili eziphambene ezingonxande, kanti amakhona ayindilinga.
Le mibono engenhla kanye neminye icashunwe nguGleiss ephepheni elithi “Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezinqubo Zemikhumbi Yokucindezela Yama-Cubic ene-Stretch Bars” nguGleiss et al. ku-ECCM20 (Juni 26-30, 2022, eLausanne, eSwitzerland). Kulesi sihloko, ucaphuna ucwaningo lwe-TUM olwanyatheliswa nguMichael Roof noSven Zaremba, oluthole ukuthi isitsha sokucindezela sama-cubic esinezintambo zokucindezela ezixhumanisa izinhlangothi eziyisikwele sisebenza kahle kakhulu kunezilinda eziningana ezincane ezilingana esikhaleni sebhethri eliyisicaba, okunikeza cishe indawo yokugcina engu-25%.
Ngokusho kukaGleiss, inkinga yokufaka inani elikhulu lamasilinda amancane ohlobo 4 ebhokisini eliyisicaba ukuthi "umthamo phakathi kwamasilinda uncishisiwe kakhulu futhi uhlelo lunendawo enkulu kakhulu yokugeleza kwegesi ye-H2. Sekukonke, uhlelo lunikeza amandla okugcina amancane kunezimbiza zama-cubic."
Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izinkinga ngomklamo we-cubic wethangi. “Kusobala ukuthi, ngenxa yegesi ecindezelwe, udinga ukulwa namandla okugoba ezindongeni eziyisicaba,” kusho uGleiss. “Kulokhu, udinga isakhiwo esiqinisiwe esixhuma ngaphakathi ezindongeni zethangi. Kodwa lokho kunzima ukukwenza ngezinhlanganisela.”
UGlace nethimba lakhe bazama ukufaka imigoqo yokuqinisa emkhunjini wokucindezela ngendlela eyofanela inqubo yokugoqa i-filament. “Lokhu kubalulekile ekukhiqizweni okuphezulu,” uyachaza, “futhi kusenza sikwazi ukuklama iphethini yokugoqa yezindonga zesitsha ukuze sithuthukise ukuqondiswa kwefayibha komthwalo ngamunye endaweni.”
Izinyathelo ezine zokwenza ithangi elihlanganisiwe le-cubic eliyisilingo lephrojekthi ye-P4H. Isithombe sivela ku: “Ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokukhiqiza yemikhumbi yokucindezela kwe-cubic ene-brace”, Technical University of Munich, iphrojekthi ye-Polymers4Hydrogen, i-ECCM20, Juni 2022.
Ukuze kufezwe uchungechunge, ithimba lithuthukise umqondo omusha oqukethe izinyathelo ezine eziyinhloko, njengoba kuboniswe ngenhla. Izinsika zokucindezela, eziboniswe ngombala omnyama ezinyathelweni, ziyisakhiwo sohlaka esenziwe ngaphambilini esenziwe kusetshenziswa izindlela ezithathwe kuphrojekthi ye-MAI Skelett. Kulo msebenzi, i-BMW yakha “uhlaka” lohlaka lwefasitela lemoto isebenzisa izinduku ezine ze-pultrusion eziqiniswe ngefayibha, ezabe sezibunjwa zibe uhlaka lwepulasitiki.
Uhlaka lwethangi le-cubic lokuhlola. Izingxenye zamathambo ezi-hexagonal eziphrintiwe nge-3D yi-TUM kusetshenziswa i-filament ye-PLA engaqiniswanga (phezulu), kufaka izinduku ze-pultrusion ze-CF/PA6 njengezibambo zokucindezela (phakathi) bese zisonga i-filament zizungeze izibambo (ngezansi). Isithombe sivela ku: Technical University of Munich LCC.
“Umqondo uwukuthi ungakha uhlaka lwethangi le-cubic njengesakhiwo se-modular,” kusho uGlace. “Lawa mamojula abe esefakwa kuthuluzi lokubumba, ama-strut okucindezela abekwa kumamojula ohlaka, bese kusetshenziswa indlela ka-MAI Skelett ezungeze ama-strut ukuze awahlanganise nezingxenye zohlaka.” indlela yokukhiqiza ngobuningi, okuholela esakhiweni esisetshenziswa njenge-mandrel noma i-core yokugoqa igobolondo elihlanganisiwe lethangi lokugcina.
I-TUM yaklama uhlaka lwethangi “njengomcamelo” oyisikwele onezinhlangothi eziqinile, amakhona ayindilinga kanye nephethini eliyisikwele phezulu nangaphansi lapho izibopho zingafakwa khona futhi zinamathiselwe. Imigodi yala ma-rack nayo yayiphrintiwe nge-3D. “Ethangini lethu lokuqala lokuhlola, saphrinta izingxenye zohlaka oluyisikwele ezine-3D sisebenzisa i-polylactic acid [PLA, i-thermoplastic esekelwe ku-bio] ngoba yayilula futhi ishibhile,” kusho uGlace.
Ithimba lithenge izinduku ezingu-68 ze-polyamide 6 (PA6) eziqiniswe nge-pultruded carbon fiber eziqiniswe nge-polyamide 6 (PA6) ezivela ku-SGL Carbon (Meitingen, eJalimane) ukuze zisetshenziswe njengezibopho. “Ukuze sihlole lo mqondo, asizange senze noma yikuphi ukubumba,” kusho uGleiss, “kodwa samane safaka ama-spacer ohlakeni oluyinhloko lwe-honeycomb oluprintiwe nge-3D futhi sazinamathisela nge-epoxy glue. Lokhu-ke kunikeza i-mandrel yokugoqa ithangi.” Uphawula ukuthi nakuba lezi zinduku kulula ukuzigoqa, kunezinkinga ezibalulekile ezizochazwa kamuva.
“Esigabeni sokuqala, umgomo wethu kwakuwukubonisa ukukhiqizwa komklamo nokuhlonza izinkinga emcabangweni wokukhiqiza,” kuchaza uGleiss. “Ngakho-ke imicu yokucindezela iphuma ebusweni bangaphandle besakhiwo samathambo, bese sinamathisela imicu yekhabhoni kule ngxenye eyinhloko sisebenzisa ukugoba kwe-filament okumanzi. Ngemuva kwalokho, esinyathelweni sesithathu, sigoba ikhanda lenduku ngayinye yokubopha. Ngakho-ke sisebenzisa ukushisa nje ukubumba kabusha ikhanda ukuze lithambe futhi livale ungqimba lokuqala lokusonga. Sibe sesiqhubeka nokusonga isakhiwo futhi ukuze ikhanda eliyisicaba eliphonswayo livalwe ngokwejiyometri ngaphakathi kwethangi.
Isivalo sesikhala sokusonga. I-TUM isebenzisa izivalo zepulasitiki ezisemaphethelweni ezinduku zokucindezela ukuvimbela imicu ukuthi ingaxhumani ngesikhathi sokusonga ifilament. Isithombe sivela ku: Technical University of Munich LCC.
UGlace uphinde wathi leli thangi lokuqala laliwubufakazi bomqondo. "Ukusetshenziswa kokunyathelisa kwe-3D kanye neglue kwakuwukuhlola kokuqala kuphela futhi kwasinika umbono wezinkinga ezimbalwa esihlangabezane nazo. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokugoqa, imicu yayibanjwa yiziphetho zezinduku zokucindezela, okwabangela ukuphuka kwefayibha, umonakalo wefayibha, kanye nokunciphisa inani lefayibha ukuze silwe nalokhu. Sisebenzise izigqoko ezimbalwa zepulasitiki njengezinsiza zokukhiqiza ezazibekwa ezigxotsheni ngaphambi kwesinyathelo sokuqala sokugoqa. Ngemuva kwalokho, lapho kwenziwa ama-laminate angaphakathi, sasusa lezi zigqoko zokuvikela futhi sakha kabusha iziphetho zezigxobo ngaphambi kokusonga kokugcina."
Ithimba lizame ngezimo ezahlukahlukene zokwakha kabusha. “Labo ababheka nxazonke basebenza kahle kakhulu,” kusho uGrace. “Futhi, ngesikhathi sesigaba sokulingisa, sisebenzise ithuluzi lokushisela eliguquliwe ukufaka ukushisa nokushintsha iziphetho zenduku yokubopha. Emcabangweni wokukhiqiza ngobuningi, ubungaba nethuluzi elilodwa elikhulu elingabumba futhi lenze zonke iziphetho zezintambo zibe yi-laminate yokuqeda yangaphakathi ngesikhathi esisodwa.”
Amakhanda e-Drawbar aphinde aklanywa. I-TUM ihlole imiqondo ehlukene futhi yashintsha ama-weld ukuze ivumelanise iziphetho zezibopho ezihlanganisiwe zokunamathisela ku-laminate yodonga lwethangi. Isithombe sithathwe: “Ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokukhiqiza yemikhumbi yokucindezela ye-cubic ene-brace”, Technical University of Munich, iphrojekthi ye-Polymers4Hydrogen, i-ECCM20, Juni 2022.
Ngakho-ke, i-laminate iyalungiswa ngemva kwesinyathelo sokuqala sokugoqa, izinsika ziyabunjwa kabusha, i-TUM iqedela ukugoqa kwesibili kwezintambo, bese i-laminate yangaphandle yodonga lwethangi ilungiswa okwesibili. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lokhu kuyidizayini yethangi yohlobo 5, okusho ukuthi ayinayo i-liner yepulasitiki njengesivikelo segesi. Bheka ingxoxo esigabeni se-Next Steps ngezansi.
“Sihlukanise i-demo yokuqala yaba izingxenye ezihlukene futhi sadweba indawo exhunyiwe,” kusho uGlace. “Ukuhlola okuseduze kukhombisa ukuthi besinezinkinga ezithile zekhwalithi nge-laminate, njengoba amakhanda e-strut ayengalele phansi ku-laminate yangaphakathi.”
Ukuxazulula izinkinga ngezikhala phakathi kwe-laminate yezindonga zangaphakathi nezangaphandle zethangi. Ikhanda lenduku yokubopha eliguquliwe lidala izikhala phakathi kokujika kokuqala nokwesibili kwethangi lokuhlola. Isithombe sivela ku: Technical University of Munich LCC.
Leli thangi lokuqala elingu-450 x 290 x 80mm laqedwa ehlobo eledlule. “Senze intuthuko enkulu kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kodwa sisenesikhala phakathi kwe-laminate yangaphakathi neyangaphandle,” kusho uGlace. “Ngakho-ke sazama ukugcwalisa lezo zikhala nge-resin ehlanzekile, ene-viscosity ephezulu. Lokhu empeleni kuthuthukisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-studs ne-laminate, okwandisa kakhulu ukucindezeleka komshini.”
Ithimba laqhubeka nokuthuthukisa umklamo kanye nenqubo yethangi, okuhlanganisa nezixazululo zephethini yokugoqa efiselekayo. “Izinhlangothi zethangi lokuhlola zazingagoqekile ngokuphelele ngoba kwakunzima ukuthi le geometry idale indlela yokugoqa,” kuchaza uGlace. “I-engeli yethu yokuqala yokugoqa yayingu-75°, kodwa sasazi ukuthi kwakudingeka izifunda eziningi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nomthwalo kulesi sitsha sokucindezela. Sisafuna ikhambi lale nkinga, kodwa akulula ngesofthiwe esikhona emakethe njengamanje. Kungaba iphrojekthi elandelayo.
“Sibonise ukuthi kungenzeka yini lo mqondo wokukhiqiza,” kusho uGleiss, “kodwa sidinga ukusebenza ngokuqhubekayo ukuze sithuthukise ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-laminate futhi sakhe kabusha izinduku zokubopha. “Ukuhlola kwangaphandle emshinini wokuhlola. Ukhipha ama-spacer ku-laminate bese uhlola imithwalo yemishini leyo migqa engayimelana nayo.”
Le ngxenye yephrojekthi ye-Polymers4Hydrogen izoqedwa ekupheleni kuka-2023, ngaleso sikhathi uGleis enethemba lokuqedela ithangi lesibili lokubonisa. Ngokuthakazelisayo, imiklamo namuhla isebenzisa ama-thermoplastic aqinisiwe kahle ohlakeni kanye nama-thermoset composites ezindongeni zethangi. Ingabe le ndlela ehlanganisiwe izosetshenziswa ethangini lokugcina lokubonisa? “Yebo,” kusho uGrace. “Abalingani bethu kuphrojekthi ye-Polymers4Hydrogen bathuthukisa ama-epoxy resins kanye nezinye izinto ze-composite matrix ezinezakhiwo ezingcono zokuvimbela i-hydrogen.” Ubala abalingani ababili abasebenza kulo msebenzi, i-PCCL kanye ne-University of Tampere (eTampere, eFinland).
UGleiss nethimba lakhe nabo bashintshisana ngolwazi futhi baxoxa ngemibono noJaeger ngephrojekthi yesibili ye-HyDDen evela ethangini le-LCC conformal composite.
“Sizokhiqiza umkhumbi wokucindezela ohlanganisiwe ohambisanayo wama-drone ocwaningo,” kusho uJaeger. “Lokhu kuwukubambisana phakathi kweminyango emibili yoMnyango Wezindiza kanye Nezindawo Zokusebenza Kwezinto Eziphilayo we-TUM - LCC kanye noMnyango Wezobuchwepheshe Bezindiza Ezinophephela Emhlane (HT). Lo msebenzi uzoqedwa ekupheleni kuka-2024 futhi okwamanje siqedela umkhumbi wokucindezela. umklamo oyindlela yezindiza kanye nezimoto. Ngemva kwalesi sigaba sokuqala somqondo, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukwenza imodeli yesakhiwo eningiliziwe nokubikezela ukusebenza kwesithiyo sesakhiwo sodonga.”
“Umqondo wonke uwukuthuthukisa i-drone yokuhlola ene-hybrid fuel cell kanye nesistimu yokuqhuba ibhethri,” eqhubeka. Izosebenzisa ibhethri ngesikhathi sokulayisha amandla aphezulu (okungukuthi ukusuka nokufika) bese ishintshela ku-fuel cell ngesikhathi sokushayela umthwalo omncane. “Ithimba le-HT selivele linayo i-drone yocwaningo futhi layihlela kabusha i-powertrain ukuze isebenzise amabhethri nama-fuel cell,” kusho uYeager. “Bathenge nethangi le-CGH2 ukuze bahlole lokhu kudluliswa kwe-transmission.”
“Ithimba lami lanikwa umsebenzi wokwakha uhlobo lwethangi lokucindezela olwaluzongena, kodwa hhayi ngenxa yezinkinga zokupakisha ezazingadalwa yithangi eliyisilinda,” uyachaza. “Ithangi eliyisicaba alinikezi ukumelana nomoya okuningi. Ngakho uthola ukusebenza okungcono kokundiza.” Ubukhulu bethangi bungaba ngu-830 x 350 x 173 mm.
Ithangi elihambisana ne-thermoplastic AFP ngokugcwele. Kuphrojekthi ye-HyDDen, ithimba le-LCC e-TUM ekuqaleni lihlole indlela efanayo naleyo esetshenziswa yi-Glace (ngenhla), kodwa labe selishintshela endleleni esebenzisa inhlanganisela yamamojula amaningana esakhiwo, asetshenziswa ngokweqile kusetshenziswa i-AFP (ngezansi). Isithombe sivela ku: Technical University of Munich LCC.
“Umbono owodwa ufana nendlela ka-Elisabeth [Gleiss],” kusho uYager, “yokufaka ama-braces okucindezela odongeni lwesikebhe ukuze kulungiswe amandla aphezulu okugoba. Kodwa-ke, esikhundleni sokusebenzisa inqubo yokugoba ukwenza ithangi, sisebenzisa i-AFP. Ngakho-ke, sicabange ngokudala ingxenye ehlukile yesikebhe sokucindezela, lapho ama-racks esehlanganisiwe khona kakade. Le ndlela ingivumele ukuthi ngihlanganise eziningana zalezi modules ezihlanganisiwe bese ngifaka isivalo sokugcina ukuze ngivale konke ngaphambi kokugoba kokugcina kwe-AFP.”
“Sizama ukuqedela umqondo onjalo,” eqhubeka, “futhi siqale ukuhlola ukukhethwa kwezinto zokwakha, okubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukumelana okudingekayo ekungeneni kwegesi ye-H2. Ngenxa yalokhu, sisebenzisa kakhulu izinto ze-thermoplastic futhi sisebenza ngezindlela ezahlukene zokuthi izinto zokwakha zizothinta kanjani lokhu kuziphatha kokugeleza kanye nokucubungula emshinini we-AFP. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukwelashwa kuzoba nomthelela yini nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukucubungula ngemuva kokucubungula okudingekayo. Sifuna futhi ukwazi ukuthi izinqwaba ezahlukene zizothinta yini ukugeleza kwe-hydrogen ngomkhumbi wokucindezela.”
Ithangi lizokwenziwa ngokuphelele nge-thermoplastic kanti imichilo izohlinzekwa yiTeijin Carbon Europe GmbH (Wuppertal, eJalimane). “Sizosebenzisa izinto zabo ze-PPS [polyphenylene sulfide], i-PEEK [polyether ketone] kanye ne-LM PAEK [low melting polyaryl ketone],” kusho uYager. “Kube sekwenziwa ukuqhathaniswa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi iyiphi engcono kakhulu yokuvikela ukungena nokukhiqiza izingxenye ezisebenza kangcono.” Unethemba lokuqedela ukuhlolwa, ukwakheka kanye nokwakheka kwenqubo kanye nokuboniswa kokuqala ngonyaka ozayo.
Umsebenzi wocwaningo wenziwe ngaphakathi kwe-COMET module ethi “Polymers4Hydrogen” (ID 21647053) ngaphakathi kohlelo lwe-COMET loMnyango Kahulumeni Wokushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu, Imvelo, Amandla, Ukuhamba, Ukusungula Izinto Ezintsha kanye Nobuchwepheshe kanye noMnyango Kahulumeni Wobuchwepheshe Bedijithali kanye Nomnotho. . Ababhali babonga abalingani ababambe iqhaza i-Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH (PCCL, Austria), iMontanuniversitaet Leoben (I-Faculty of Polymer Engineering and Science, uMnyango Wekhemistri Wezinto Ezihlanganisiwe, uMnyango Wezinto Ezihlanganisiwe kanye Nokuhlolwa Kwezinto Ezihlanganisiwe), iNyuvesi yaseTampere (I-Faculty of Engineering Materials). ) Isayensi), i-Peak Technology kanye ne-Faurecia banikele kulo msebenzi wocwaningo. I-COMET-Modul ixhaswe nguhulumeni wase-Austria kanye nohulumeni wesifundazwe saseStyria.
Amashidi aqiniswe kusengaphambili ezakhiwo ezithwala umthwalo aqukethe imicu eqhubekayo - hhayi nje evela engilazini, kodwa futhi evela ku-carbon kanye ne-aramid.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokwenza izingxenye ezihlanganisiwe. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha indlela yengxenye ethile kuzoncika ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo, ukwakheka kwengxenye, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo noma ukusetshenziswa kwayo. Nasi umhlahlandlela wokukhetha.
I-Shocker Composites kanye ne-R&M International bathuthukisa uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwe-carbon fiber oluphinde lwasetshenziswa oluhlinzeka ngokubulala okungahlinzwanga, izindleko eziphansi kune-fiber eyi-virgin futhi ekugcineni luzonikeza ubude obufana ne-fiber eqhubekayo ezakhiweni zesakhiwo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-15-2023