Matangi akajairwa eBEVs neFCEVs anoshandisa thermoplastic uye thermoset composites ane skeleton yakagadzirwa inopa 25% yekuwedzera H2 storage. #hydrogen #trends
Mushure mekunge kushanda pamwe chete neBMW kwaratidza kuti tangi remakubhiti rinogona kupa simba rakawanda kupfuura masirinda madiki akawanda, Technical University of Munich yakatanga chirongwa chekugadzira chimiro chakabatana uye nzira yekugadzira inogona kukura yekugadzira serial. Mufananidzo wakapihwa na: TU Dresden (kumusoro) kuruboshwe), Technical University of Munich, Department of Carbon Composites (LCC)
Mota dzemagetsi dzinoshandisa mafuta (FCEVs) dzinoshandisa hydrogen isina kuburitsa mweya (H2) dzinopa imwe nzira yekuzadzisa zvinangwa zvekuchengetedza nharaunda. Mota yekufambisa mafuta ine injini yeH2 inogona kuzadzwa mumaminitsi mashanu kusvika manomwe uye ine daro remakiromita mazana mashanu, asi parizvino inodhura zvakanyanya nekuda kwehuwandu hushoma hwekugadzirwa. Imwe nzira yekuderedza mari ndeyekushandisa puratifomu yakajairika yemamodeli eBEV neFCEV. Izvi hazvigoneke parizvino nekuti matangi emhando yechina anoshandiswa kuchengetedza gasi reH2 rakamanikidzwa (CGH2) pa700 bar muFCEVs haana kukodzera zvikamu zvebhatiri repasi pemuviri zvakagadzirwa nemazvo zvemotokari dzemagetsi. Zvisinei, midziyo yekumanikidza muchimiro chemapiro nemacubes inogona kukwana munzvimbo iyi yekurongedza yakatsetseka.
Patent US5577630A ye "Composite Conformal Pressure Vessel", chikumbiro chakaiswa neThiokol Corp. muna 1995 (kuruboshwe) uye ngarava ye rectangular pressure ine patent neBMW muna 2009 (kurudyi).
Dhipatimendi reCarbon Composites (LCC) reTechnical University of Munich (TUM, Munich, Germany) rinobatanidzwa mumapurojekiti maviri ekugadzira pfungwa iyi. Rokutanga iPolymers4Hydrogen (P4H), inotungamirwa neLeoben Polymer Competence Center (PCCL, Leoben, Austria). Basa reLCC rinotungamirwa naFellow Elizabeth Glace.
Chirongwa chechipiri ndecheHydrogen Demonstration and Development Environment (HyDDen), uko LCC inotungamirwa nemuongorori Christian Jaeger. Chinangwa chese ndechekugadzira kuratidzwa kukuru kwemaitiro ekugadzira tangi reCGH2 rakakodzera uchishandisa carbon fiber composites.
Kushanda zvakanaka kwevolumetric hakunyanyi kukosha kana masilinda madiki edhayamita akaiswa muma cell ebhatiri akatsetseka (kuruboshwe) uye midziyo yekumanikidza yerudzi rwecubic type 2 yakagadzirwa nesimbi uye ganda rekunze recarbon fiber/epoxy composite (kurudyi). Mufananidzo Unobva: Mifananidzo 3 ne6 inobva ku "Nzira yeKugadzira Nhamba yeChikepe cheBhokisi reDhizaini reRudzi rwechipiri chine Makumbo eKumanikidzana Kwemukati" naRuf naZaremba et al.
P4H yakagadzira tangi rekuyedza recube rinoshandisa furemu yethermoplastic ine tambo dzecomposite tension/struts dzakaputirwa necarbon fiber reinforced epoxy. HyDDen ichashandisa dhizaini yakafanana, asi ichashandisa automatic fiber layup (AFP) kugadzira matangi ese ethermoplastic composite.
Kubva pachikumbiro chepatenti chakaitwa naThiokol Corp. kusvika ku "Composite Conformal Pressure Vessel" muna 1995 kusvika kuGerman Patent DE19749950C2 muna 1997, midziyo yegesi yakamanikidzwa "inogona kunge iine chimiro chejometri", asi kunyanya maumbirwo akati sandara uye asina kurongeka, mugomba rakabatana nerutsigiro rweganda. Zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kuitira kuti zvikwanise kutsungirira simba rekukura kwegasi.
Pepa reLawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) ra2006 rinotsanangura nzira nhatu: mudziyo we filament wound conformal pressure vessel, mudziyo we microlattice pressure vessel une internal orthorhombic lattice structure (masero madiki ane 2 cm kana pasi), akakomberedzwa nemudziyo weH2 une madziro matete, uye mudziyo we replicator, une chimiro chemukati chine zvikamu zvidiki zvakanamirwa (semuenzaniso, mhete dzepurasitiki dzine hexagonal) uye musanganiswa weganda rekunze rakatetepa. Midziyo yakapetwa kaviri ndiyo yakakodzera midziyo mikuru uko nzira dzechinyakare dzingave dzakaoma kushandisa.
Patent DE102009057170A yakaendeswa neVolkswagen muna 2009 inotsanangura mudziyo wekumanikidza unoiswa mumotokari uyo unopa kushanda zvakanaka kwehuremu uku uchivandudza kushandiswa kwenzvimbo. Matangi erectangular anoshandisa zvinobatanidza zvekumanikidza pakati pemadziro maviri akatarisana, uye makona akatenderera.
Pfungwa dziri pamusoro apa nedzimwe dzakataurwa naGleiss mupepa rinonzi “Process Development for Cubic Pressure Vessels with Stretch Bars” rakanyorwa naGleiss et al. paECCM20 (Chikumi 26-30, 2022, Lausanne, Switzerland). Muchinyorwa chino, anotaura nezveongororo yeTUM yakaburitswa naMichael Roof naSven Zaremba, iyo yakawana kuti mudziyo wekumanikidza wecubic pressure une tension struts unobatanidza mativi erectangular unoshanda zviri nani kupfuura macylinder madiki akati wandei anokodzera munzvimbo yebhatiri rakatsetseka, zvichipa nzvimbo yekuchengetera inosvika 25%.
Sekureva kwaGleiss, dambudziko rekuisa ma cylinders madiki emhando ye4 akawanda mubhokisi rakati sandara nderekuti "huwandu huri pakati pema cylinders hwakaderera zvikuru uye sisitimu iyi inewo nzvimbo yakakura kwazvo yeH2 gas permeation surface. Kazhinji, sisitimu iyi inopa nzvimbo shoma yekuchengetera zvinhu kupfuura ma cubic jars."
Zvisinei, kune mamwe matambudziko nekugadzirwa kwetangi remakubhiki. "Zviri pachena kuti, nekuda kwegasi rakamanikidzwa, unofanirwa kurwisa masimba ekukombama pamadziro akati sandara," akadaro Gleiss. "Pakuita izvi, unoda chivakwa chakasimbiswa chinobatanidza mukati memadziro etangi. Asi izvozvo zvakaoma kuita nemacomposites."
Glace nechikwata chake vakaedza kuisa masimbi ekusimbisa mumudziyo wekumanikidza nenzira yakakodzera maitiro ekumonera filament. "Izvi zvakakosha pakugadzirwa kwehuwandu hwakawanda," anotsanangura, "uye zvinotibvumirawo kugadzira maitiro ekumonera emadziro emudziyo kuti tigadzirise kurongeka kwefiber pamutoro wega wega munzvimbo yacho."
Matanho mana ekugadzira tangi rekuyedza re cubic composite repurojekiti yeP4H. Mufananidzo wakapihwa: "Kugadzirwa kwemaitiro ekugadzira midziyo ye cubic pressure ine brace", Technical University of Munich, Polymers4Hydrogen project, ECCM20, Chikumi 2022.
Kuti vabudirire pakushanda pamwe chete, timu iyi yakagadzira pfungwa itsva ine matanho mana makuru, sezvakaratidzwa pamusoro apa. Matambo ekumanikidza, anoratidzwa mutema pamatanho, ifuremu yakagadzirwa kare yakagadzirwa uchishandisa nzira dzakatorwa kubva kuchirongwa cheMAI Skelett. Pachirongwa ichi, BMW yakagadzira furemu yewindshield ichishandisa tsvimbo ina dzakasimbiswa nefiber, idzo dzakazoumbwa kuita furemu yepurasitiki.
Furemu yetangi rekuyedza re cubic. Zvikamu zvemafupa zvine hexagonal zvakadhindwa ne TUM uchishandisa filament yePLA isina kusimbiswa (kumusoro), uchiisa CF/PA6 pultrusion rods se tension braces (pakati) wobva waputira filament uchitenderedza braces (pasi). Mufananidzo wakapihwa: Technical University of Munich LCC.
"Pfungwa yacho ndeyekuti unogona kuvaka furemu yetangi re cubic sechimiro che modular," akadaro Glace. "Ma module aya anobva aiswa muchishandiso chekuumba, ma tension struts anoiswa muma furemu modules, uye nzira yaMAI Skelett inoshandiswa kutenderedza ma struts kuti aibatanidze nezvikamu zvefuremu." nzira yekugadzira zvinhu zvakawanda, zvichikonzera chimiro chinoshandiswa se mandrel kana core yekuputira tangi rekuchengetera zvinhu.
TUM yakagadzira furemu yetangi se "cubic" ine mativi akasimba, makona akatenderera uye patani ine hexagonal kumusoro nepasi iyo matayi anogona kupinzwa nekunamirwa. Maburi emaraki aya akadhindwawo ne3D. "Patangi redu rekutanga rekuyedza, takadhinda zvikamu zvehexagonal zve3D tichishandisa polylactic acid [PLA, bio-based thermoplastic] nekuti yaive nyore uye yakachipa," akadaro Glace.
Chikwata chakatenga tsvimbo dzesimbi dzakasimba dzepolyamide 6 (PA6) dzakasanganiswa ne pultruded carbon fiber 6 (PA6) kubva kuSGL Carbon (Meitingen, Germany) kuti dzishandiswe sematayi. "Kuti tiedze pfungwa iyi, hatina kuita zvekuumba," anodaro Gleiss, "asi takangoisa ma spacers mu 3D printed honeycomb core frame ndokudzinamira ne epoxy glue. Izvi zvinopa mandrel yekumonera tangi." Anoti kunyange hazvo tsvimbo idzi dziri nyore kumonera, pane mamwe matambudziko makuru achatsanangurwa gare gare.
"Padanho rekutanga, chinangwa chedu chaive chekuratidza kugona kwekugadzira uye kuona matambudziko ari mupfungwa yekugadzira," akatsanangura Gleiss. "Saka ma tension struts anobuda kubva pamusoro wekunze kwe skeletal structure, uye tinosungirira carbon fibers ku core iyi tichishandisa wet filament winding. Mushure meizvozvo, mudanho rechitatu, tinokotamisa musoro wetie rod yega yega. Saka tinoshandisa kupisa kugadzirazve musoro kuitira kuti utetepe uye uvhare muchikamu chekutanga chekuputira. Tinobva taenderera mberi nekuputira structure zvakare kuitira kuti flat thrust head ivharwe mukati metangi. Tinobatanidza carbon fibers kumadziro.
Chivharo chespacer chekumonera. TUM inoshandisa zvivharo zvepurasitiki pamagumo etsvimbo dzekumanikidza kudzivirira kuti shinda dzisabatane panguva yekumonera shinda. Mufananidzo wakapihwa na: Technical University of Munich LCC.
Glace akadzokorora kuti tangi rekutanga iri raive humbowo hwepfungwa iyi. "Kushandiswa kwe3D printing neglue kwaingova kwekungoyedza kwekutanga uye kwakatipa pfungwa yemamwe matambudziko atakasangana nawo. Semuenzaniso, panguva yekumonera, tambo dzaibatwa nemagumo etsvimbo dzekumanikidza, zvichikonzera kutyoka kwefiber, kukuvara kwefiber, uye kuderedza huwandu hwefiber kurwisa izvi. Takashandisa macap epurasitiki mashoma senzira dzekugadzira dzaiiswa pamatanda asati asvika danho rekutanga rekumonera. Zvadaro, apo ma laminates emukati akagadzirwa, takabvisa macap aya ekudzivirira ndokugadzirisa magumo ematanda tisati tapedzisa kuputira."
Chikwata chakaedza nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekugadzirisa patsva. "Avo vanoongorora-tarisa vanoshanda zvakanyanya," anodaro Grace. "Zvakare, panguva yeprototyping, takashandisa chishandiso chakagadziriswa chekuwelda kuisa kupisa uye kugadzira patsva magumo etie rod. Mupfungwa yekugadzira zvinhu zvakawanda, unenge uine chishandiso chimwe chakakura chinogona kugadzira nekuumba magumo ese estruts kuita interior finish laminate panguva imwe chete."
Misoro yeDrawbar yakachinjwa chimiro. TUM yakaedza nepfungwa dzakasiyana uye yakagadzirisa ma welds kuti aenderane nemagumo ezvisungo zvekubatanidza pamadziro etangi. Mufananidzo wakapihwa: "Kugadzirwa kwemaitiro ekugadzira midziyo ye cubic pressure ine brace", Technical University of Munich, Polymers4Hydrogen project, ECCM20, Chikumi 2022.
Saka, laminate inogadziriswa mushure medanho rekutanga rekumonera, matanda anogadziriswazve, TUM inopedzisa kumonera kwechipiri kwefilaments, uye ipapo laminate yekunze yemadziro etangi inogadziriswa kechipiri. Ndapota cherechedzai kuti iyi idhizaini yetangi yerudzi rwechishanu, zvinoreva kuti haina purasitiki sechidziviriro chegasi. Ona hurukuro muchikamu cheNhanho Dzinotevera pazasi.
"Takacheka demo rekutanga kuita zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana ndokugadzira mepu yenzvimbo yakabatana," akadaro Glace. "Kuongorora kwepedyo kunoratidza kuti takanga tine matambudziko emhando yepamusoro ne laminate, nemisoro ye strut isina kurara pasi pa laminate yemukati."
Kugadzirisa matambudziko ane mipata iri pakati pelaminate yemadziro emukati nekunze etangi. Musoro wetie rod wakagadziriswa unogadzira mukaha uri pakati pekutenderera kwekutanga nekwechipiri kwetangi rekuyedza. Mufananidzo wakapihwa na: Technical University of Munich LCC.
Tangi rekutanga iri re450 x 290 x 80mm rakapedzwa zhizha rapfuura. "Tafambira mberi zvikuru kubvira ipapo, asi tichiri nemukana uripo pakati pelaminate yemukati neyekunze," akadaro Glace. "Saka takaedza kuzadza mipata iyoyo neresin yakachena, ine viscosity yakawanda. Izvi zvinonyatsovandudza kubatana pakati pema studs nelaminate, izvo zvinowedzera zvakanyanya kushushikana kwemuchina."
Chikwata chakaramba chichigadzira dhizaini yetangi uye maitiro aro, kusanganisira mhinduro dzemaitiro ekumonera aidiwa. "Mativi etangi rekuyedza akanga asina kumonereka zvakakwana nekuti zvaive zvakaoma kuti geometry iyi igadzire nzira yekumonera," Glace akatsanangura. "Kona yedu yekutanga yekumonera yaive 75°, asi taiziva kuti macircuit akawanda aidiwa kuti akwane mutoro uri mumudziyo uyu wekumanikidza. Tichiri kutsvaga mhinduro yedambudziko iri, asi hazvisi nyore nesoftware iri pamusika parizvino. Inogona kuva purojekiti inotevera.
"Taratidza kuti pfungwa iyi yekugadzira inogona kushanda," anodaro Gleiss, "asi tinofanira kushanda zvakanyanya kuti tivandudze kubatana kuripo pakati pe laminate uye kugadzira patsva tambo dzetie. "Kuedza kwekunze pamuchina wekuyedza. Unoburitsa ma spacers kubva mu laminate uye woedza mitoro yemakanika inogona kutsungirira majoini iwayo."
Chikamu ichi chechirongwa chePolymers4Hydrogen chichapedzwa pakupera kwa2023, panguva iyo Gleis anotarisira kupedzisa tangi rechipiri rekuratidzira. Zvinofadza kuti magadzirirwo nhasi anoshandisa thermoplastics dzakasimba dzakasimba mufuremu uye thermoset composites mumadziro etangi. Ko nzira iyi yehybrid ichashandiswa here mutangi rekuratidzira rekupedzisira? "Hongu," akadaro Grace. "Vatinoshanda navo muchirongwa chePolymers4Hydrogen vari kugadzira epoxy resins nezvimwe zvinhu zvematrix zvine hydrogen barrier properties iri nani." Anonyora vabatsiri vaviri vari kushanda pabasa iri, PCCL neYunivhesiti yeTampere (Tampere, Finland).
Gleiss nechikwata chake vakapananawo ruzivo uye vakakurukura mazano naJaeger pamusoro pechirongwa chechipiri cheHyDDen kubva kutangi reLCC conformal composite.
"Tichagadzira ngarava yekumanikidza inoumbwa necomposite composite yekutsvagisa madrone," anodaro Jaeger. "Uku kushanda pamwe chete pakati pemadhipatimendi maviri eAerospace neGeodetic Department yeTUM - LCC neDhipatimendi reHelicopter Technology (HT). Chirongwa ichi chichapedzwa panosvika kupera kwa2024 uye parizvino tiri kupedza ngarava yekumanikidza. dhizaini iri kunyanya kushandiswa mundege nemotokari. Mushure medanho rekutanga iri, danho rinotevera nderekuita modeling yakadzama yezvivakwa uye kufanotaura mashandiro emadziro."
"Pfungwa yacho ndeyekugadzira drone inoongorora ine hybrid fuel cell uye bhatiri propulsion system," akaenderera mberi. Ichashandisa bhatiri panguva yekutakura zvinhu zvine simba rakawanda (kureva kusimuka nekumhara) uye yozochinja kuenda ku fuel cell panguva yekufamba nendege ine mutoro wakareruka. "Chikwata cheHT chaive nedrone yekutsvagisa uye chakagadzirisa powertrain kuti ishandise mabhatiri ne fuel cells," akadaro Yeager. "Vakatengawo tangi reCGH2 kuti vaedze transmission iyi."
“Chikwata changu chakapihwa basa rekugadzira tangi remagetsi raizokwana, asi kwete nekuda kwematambudziko ekurongedza aigadzirwa netangi rakatenderera,” anotsanangura kudaro. “Tangi rakati sandara haripi simba rekudzivirira mhepo rakawanda. Saka unowana simba riri nani rekubhururuka.” Saizi yetangi inosvika 830 x 350 x 173 mm.
Tangi rinotevedzera AFP rinogadzirwa nethermoplastic zvizere. Pachirongwa cheHyDDen, timu yeLCC kuTUM yakatanga yaongorora nzira yakafanana neyaishandiswa naGlace (pamusoro), asi yakazobva yaenda kune imwe nzira ichishandisa musanganiswa wemamodules akati wandei, ayo akazoshandiswa zvakanyanya achishandisa AFP (pazasi). Mufananidzo wakapihwa: Technical University of Munich LCC.
"Pfungwa imwe yakafanana nemaitiro aElisabeth [Gleiss]," anodaro Yager, "ekuisa masimbi ekumanikidza pamadziro emudziyo kuti atsigire simba rekukotama kwakanyanya. Zvisinei, pachinzvimbo chekushandisa nzira yekukombama kugadzira tangi, tinoshandisa AFP. Nokudaro, takafunga nezvekugadzira chikamu chakasiyana chemudziyo wekumanikidza, umo ma racks atobatanidzwa. Maitiro aya akandibvumira kusanganisa akati wandei ema module aya akabatanidzwa uye ndozoisa chivharo chekupedzisira kuti ndivhare zvese AFP isati yapedzisa kukombama."
"Tiri kuedza kupedzisa pfungwa yakadaro," akaenderera mberi, "uye zvakare kutanga kuyedza kusarudzwa kwezvinhu, izvo zvakakosha zvikuru kuti tive nechokwadi chekuti gasi reH2 rinopinda. Panyaya iyi, tinonyanya kushandisa zvinhu zvethermoplastic uye tiri kushanda pane zvakasiyana-siyana kuti zvinhu izvi zvichakanganisa sei maitiro ekuyerera kwemvura uye kugadziriswa kwayo mumuchina weAFP. Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kana kurapwa kwacho kuchizoshanda uye kana paine chero kugadziriswa kwacho kuchidikanwa. Tinodawo kuziva kana ma stacks akasiyana achakanganisa kuyerera kwehydrogen kuburikidza nemudziyo wekumanikidza."
Tangi iri richagadzirwa nethermoplastic chete uye mitsetse yacho ichapihwa neTeijin Carbon Europe GmbH (Wuppertal, Germany). "Tichashandisa zvinhu zvavo zvePPS [polyphenylene sulfide], PEEK [polyether ketone] uye LM PAEK [low melting polyaryl ketone]," akadaro Yager. "Kuenzanisa kunozoitwa kuti vaone kuti ndeipi yakanakira kudzivirira kupinda uye kugadzira zvikamu zvine mashandiro ari nani." Anotarisira kupedzisa kuyedza, kugadzira uye kugadzira modhi uye kutanga kuratidzwa mukati megore rinouya.
Basa rekutsvagisa rakaitwa mukati meCOMET module "Polymers4Hydrogen" (ID 21647053) mukati mechirongwa cheCOMET cheFederal Ministry for Climate Change, the Environment, Energy, Mobility, Innovation and Technology pamwe neFederal Ministry for Digital Technology and Economics. . Vanyori vanotenda vadyidzani vari kutora chikamu Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH (PCCL, Austria), Montanuniversitaet Leoben (Faculty of Polymer Engineering and Science, Department of Chemistry of Polymer Materials, Department of Materials Science and Polymer Testing), University of Tampere (Faculty of Engineering Materials). ) Sainzi), Peak Technology naFaurecia vakabatsira mubasa iri rekutsvagisa. COMET-Modul inotsigirwa nemari nehurumende yeAustria nehurumende yenyika yeStyria.
Mapepa akasimbiswa kare ezvivakwa zvinotakura mutoro ane fibers dzinoramba dzichienderera mberi - kwete kubva mugirazi chete, asiwo kubva kucarbon nearamid.
Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekugadzira zvikamu zvakasanganiswa. Saka, sarudzo yenzira yechikamu chakati ichaenderana nechinhu chacho, dhizaini yechikamu chacho, uye kushandiswa kwekupedzisira kana kushandiswa kwacho. Heino gwara rekusarudza.
Shocker Composites neR&M International vari kugadzira nzira yekugovera carbon fiber inoshandiswazve isingaurayiwi, inodhura zvishoma pane virgin fiber uye pakupedzisira ichapa hurefu hwakafanana nefiber inoenderera mberi muhunhu hwechivakwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-15-2023