Ibigega bisanzwe bya platifike ya BEV na FCEVs bikoresha thermoplastique hamwe na thermoset yibikoresho hamwe na skeleton yubatswe itanga 25% yububiko bwa H2.#hidrogen #yerekezo
Nyuma yo gukorana na BMW yerekanaga ko ikigega cya cubic gishobora gutanga ingufu zingana cyane kuruta silindiri ntoya, kaminuza ya tekinike ya Munich yatangije umushinga wo guteza imbere imiterere ihuriweho hamwe nuburyo bunini bwo gukora ibicuruzwa bikurikirana.Inguzanyo y'ishusho: TU Dresden (hejuru) ibumoso), kaminuza ya tekinike ya Munich, ishami rya karubone (LCC)
Ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi (FCEVs) bikoreshwa na hydrogène zeru (H2) bitanga ubundi buryo bwo kugera ku ntego z’ibidukikije zeru.Imodoka itwara abagenzi ya lisansi ifite moteri ya H2 irashobora kuzuzwa muminota 5-7 kandi ifite intera ya kilometero 500, ariko kuri ubu ihenze cyane kubera umusaruro muke.Bumwe mu buryo bwo kugabanya ibiciro ni ugukoresha urubuga rusanzwe rwa moderi ya BEV na FCEV.Kugeza ubu ntibishoboka kuko ibigega byo mu bwoko bwa 4 bya silindrike bikoreshwa mu kubika gaze ya H2 (CGH2) yometse kuri 700 bar muri FCEVs ntibikwiriye kubice bya batiri munsi yabigenewe neza kubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi.Nyamara, imiyoboro yumuvuduko muburyo bw umusego na cubes irashobora guhura nu mwanya wo gupakira.
Patent US5577630A ya "Composite Conformal Pressure Vessel", gusaba byatanzwe na Thiokol Corp. mu 1995 (ibumoso) hamwe nubwato bwumuvuduko wurukiramende bwatanzwe na BMW muri 2009 (iburyo).
Ishami rya Carbone Composite (LCC) rya kaminuza ya tekinike ya Munich (TUM, Munich, Ubudage) rifite uruhare mu mishinga ibiri yo guteza imbere iki gitekerezo.Iya mbere ni Polymers4Hydrogen (P4H), iyobowe na Leoben Polymer Competence Centre (PCCL, Leoben, Otirishiya).Porogaramu y'akazi ya LCC iyobowe na Mugenzi Elizabeth Glace.
Umushinga wa kabiri ni Hydrogen Demonstration and Development Environment (HyDDen), aho LCC iyobowe numushakashatsi Christian Jaeger.Byombi bigamije gukora icyerekezo kinini cyerekana uburyo bwo gukora uruganda rukora tank ya CGH2 ikoresheje fibre fibre.
Hariho ubushobozi buke buke iyo silinderi ntoya ya diameter yashyizwe muri selile ya batiri iringaniye (ibumoso) hamwe na cubic ubwoko bwa 2 bwumuvuduko wakozwe mubyuma byuma na karuboni fibre / epoxy composite yo hanze (iburyo).Inkomoko y'Ishusho: Igishushanyo cya 3 n'icya 6 biva kuri "Uburyo bwo Kubara Kuburyo bwa II Ubwoko bw'Isanduku y'Ibikoresho Vessel ifite amaguru y'imbere" byanditswe na Ruf na Zaremba n'abandi.
P4H yahimbye ikigega cya cube cyigeragezwa gikoresha ikariso ya termoplastique hamwe nuduce twinshi twa tension / imirongo ipfunyitse muri karuboni fibre ikomezwa na epoxy.HyDDen izakoresha igishushanyo gisa nacyo, ariko izakoresha fibre fibre yikora (AFP) kugirango ikore ibigega byose bya termoplastique.
Kuva mu ipatanti yatanzwe na Thiokol Corp. kugeza kuri “Composite Conformal Pressure Vessel” mu 1995 kugeza mu Budage Patent DE19749950C2 mu 1997, ubwato bwa gaze bwacometse “bushobora kuba bufite imiterere ya geometrike”, ariko cyane cyane imiterere iringaniye kandi idasanzwe, mu mwobo uhujwe n'inkunga y'ibishishwa. .ibintu bikoreshwa kugirango bishobore kwihanganira imbaraga zo kwagura gaze.
Impapuro zo muri 2006 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) zisobanura uburyo butatu: icyombo cya filament igikomere cyumuvuduko wumuvuduko, icyuma cyumuvuduko wa microlattice kirimo imiterere yimbere ya orthorhombic (selile nto za cm 2 cyangwa munsi), kizengurutswe na H2 ifite uruzitiro ruto, n'ikintu gisubiramo, kigizwe n'imiterere y'imbere igizwe n'ibice bito bifatanye (urugero, impeta ya pulasitike ya mpandeshatu) hamwe n'uruhu rworoshye rwo hanze.Ibikoresho byigana bikwiranye nibikoresho binini aho uburyo gakondo bushobora kugorana kubukoresha.
Patent DE102009057170A yatanzwe na Volkswagen mumwaka wa 2009 isobanura ubwato bwumuvuduko wimodoka uzatanga uburemere buke mugihe uzamura imikoreshereze yumwanya.Ibigega by'urukiramende bifashisha guhuza hagati y'urukuta rw'urukiramende rutandukanye, kandi impande zegeranye.
Ibyavuzwe haruguru hamwe n’ibindi bitekerezo byavuzwe na Gleiss mu mpapuro “Gutezimbere Gutunganya Amazi ya Cubic Pressure Vessels hamwe na Stretch Bars” na Gleiss n'abandi.kuri ECCM20 (26-30 Kamena 2022, Lausanne, Ubusuwisi).Muri iki kiganiro, avuga ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na TUM bwashyizwe ahagaragara na Michael Roof na Sven Zaremba, bwerekanye ko icyombo cy’umuvuduko wa cubic gifite imirongo ihangayikishije ihuza impande z’urukiramende gikora neza kurusha silindiri ntoya ihuye n'umwanya wa bateri iringaniye, itanga hafi 25 % Birenzeho.umwanya wo kubika.
Nk’uko Gleiss abitangaza ngo ikibazo cyo gushyira umubare munini wa silindiri ntoya yo mu bwoko bwa 4 mu rubanza ruringaniye ni uko "ingano iri hagati ya silinderi yagabanutse cyane kandi sisitemu nayo ifite ubuso bunini bwa gaze ya H2.Muri rusange, sisitemu itanga ubushobozi buke bwo kubika kuruta ibibindi. ”
Ariko, hariho ibindi bibazo bijyanye nigishushanyo mbonera cya tank.Gleiss yagize ati: "Biragaragara ko, kubera gaze ifunze, ugomba kurwanya imbaraga zunama ku rukuta ruringaniye."Ati: “Kubwibyo, ukeneye imiterere ishimangira ihuza imbere n'inkuta za tank.Ariko ibyo biragoye kubikora hamwe. ”
Glace hamwe nitsinda rye bagerageje kwinjiza utubari twongera imbaraga mu bwato bwumuvuduko muburyo bukwiranye nuburyo bwo guhinduranya filime.Asobanura agira ati: “Ibi ni ingenzi cyane ku musaruro mwinshi, kandi binadufasha gukora igishushanyo mbonera cy'urukuta rwa kontineri kugira ngo duhindure icyerekezo cya fibre kuri buri mutwaro muri zone.”
Intambwe enye zo gukora ikigeragezo cubic compte yumushinga P4H.Inguzanyo y'ishusho: “Gutezimbere uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro ibyombo byumuvuduko ukabije”, kaminuza ya tekinike ya Munich, umushinga wa Polymers4Hydrogen, ECCM20, Kamena 2022.
Kugirango ugere kumurongo, itsinda ryateguye igitekerezo gishya kigizwe nintambwe enye zingenzi, nkuko bigaragara hejuru.Imyitozo ya tension, yerekanwe mwirabura ku ntambwe, ni ikadiri yakozwe mbere yakozwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwakuwe mu mushinga wa MAI Skelett.Kuri uyu mushinga, BMW yashyizeho ikirahure cyikirahure "framework" ikoresheje inkoni enye zishimangira fibre pultrusion, hanyuma ikabumbabumbwa muburyo bwa plastiki.
Ikadiri yikigereranyo cyikigeragezo.Ibice bya skeletale ya Hexagonal 3D yacapishijwe na TUM ukoresheje filime ya PLA idashyizwemo imbaraga (hejuru), winjizamo inkoni ya pultrusion ya CF / PA6 nk'imigozi ya tension (hagati) hanyuma ugapfundikiza filamenti mumutwe (hepfo).Inguzanyo y'ishusho: Kaminuza Tekinike ya Munich LCC.
Glace yagize ati: "Igitekerezo ni uko ushobora kubaka ikaramu ya cubic nk'imiterere ya modular."Ati: "Izi module noneho zishyirwa mubikoresho byabumbabumbwe, imirongo ya tension ishyirwa mubice, hanyuma uburyo bwa MAI Skelett bukoreshwa hafi yimigozi kugirango buhuze nibice bigize ikadiri."uburyo bwinshi bwo kubyaza umusaruro, bivamo imiterere noneho ikoreshwa nka mandel cyangwa intangiriro yo gupfunyika ikigega cyo kubika ibishishwa.
TUM yateguye ikaramu yikigega nka cubic "cushion" ifite impande zikomeye, inguni zegeranye hamwe nishusho ya mpande esheshatu hejuru no hepfo unyuzamo imigozi.Imyobo yibi bikoresho nayo yacapishijwe 3D.Glace yagize ati: "Ku kigega cyacu cya mbere cy'igeragezwa, twacapye 3D ibice bigize ibice bitandatu dukoresheje aside polylactique [PLA, thermoplastique bio-ishingiye kuri bio] kuko byari byoroshye kandi bihendutse."
Iri tsinda ryaguze fibre 68 ya karuboni fibre yongerewe imbaraga za polyamide 6 (PA6) muri SGL Carbon (Meitingen, Ubudage) kugirango ikoreshwe.Gleiss agira ati: “Kugira ngo tugerageze icyo gitekerezo, nta kintu na kimwe twigeze dukora, ariko twinjije icyogajuru mu kirere cy’ibimamara cya 3D cyacapishijwe ubuki maze ubihambiraho kole.Ibi noneho bitanga mandel yo guhinduranya ikigega. ”Yavuze ko nubwo izo nkoni zoroha cyane ku muyaga, hari ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bizasobanurwa nyuma.
Gleiss yabisobanuye agira ati: "Ku cyiciro cya mbere, intego yacu yari iyo kwerekana umusaruro w'igishushanyo mbonera no kumenya ibibazo biri mu musaruro."Ati: "Ubwo rero impagarara ziva hejuru yinyuma yububiko bwa skeletale, kandi duhuza fibre ya karubone kuriyi nkingi dukoresheje filament itose.Nyuma yibyo, mu ntambwe ya gatatu, twunamye umutwe wa buri nkoni.thermoplastique, dukoresha gusa ubushyuhe kugirango duhindure umutwe kugirango irusheho gufunga no gufunga mugice cya mbere cyo gupfunyika.Turahita dukomeza kuzinga imiterere kugirango umutwe urambuye ushyizwe muri geometrike.kumurika kurukuta.
Umwanya wa spacer kugirango uhindurwe.TUM ikoresha imipira ya pulasitike kumpera yinkoni ya tension kugirango irinde fibre kunyeganyega mugihe cyo kuzunguruka.Inguzanyo y'ishusho: Kaminuza Tekinike ya Munich LCC.
Glace yongeye gushimangira ko iki kigega cya mbere cyari gihamya.Yakomeje agira ati: “Gukoresha icapiro rya 3D hamwe na kole byari ibyo kwipimisha gusa kandi biduha igitekerezo cya bike mubibazo twahuye nabyo.Kurugero, mugihe cyo kuzunguruka, filaments zafashwe nu musozo winkoni za tension, zitera kuvunika fibre, kwangirika kwa fibre, no kugabanya fibre kugirango uhangane nibi.twakoresheje imipira mike ya pulasitike nk'imfashanyigisho zashyizwe ku nkingi mbere y'intambwe ya mbere yo kuzunguruka. Hanyuma, igihe laminate y'imbere yakozwe, twakuyeho iyo mitego yo gukingira maze duhindura impera z'inkingi mbere yo kuzinga bwa nyuma. ”
Itsinda ryagerageje ibintu bitandukanye byo kwiyubaka.Grace agira ati: “Abareba hirya no hino bakora neza.Ati: “Na none, mugihe cya prototyping, twakoresheje igikoresho cyo gusudira cyahinduwe kugirango dushyire ubushyuhe no guhindura imishumi ya karuvati.Mubitekerezo byimbaraga nyinshi, wagira igikoresho kinini kinini gishobora gushushanya no gukora impera zose zimirongo imbere imbere ya laminate icyarimwe..”
Imitwe yo gushushanya yahinduwe.TUM yagerageje kumyumvire itandukanye hanyuma ihindura abasudira kugirango bahuze impera zumubano uhuriweho kugirango uhuze urukuta rwa tank laminate.Inguzanyo y'ishusho: “Gutezimbere uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro ibyombo byumuvuduko ukabije”, kaminuza ya tekinike ya Munich, umushinga wa Polymers4Hydrogen, ECCM20, Kamena 2022.
Rero, laminate irakira nyuma yintambwe yambere yo kuzunguruka, imyanya irahindurwa, TUM irangiza kuzunguruka kwa kabiri ya filaments, hanyuma urukuta rwinyuma rwa laminate rukira ubugira kabiri.Nyamuneka menya ko ubu ari ubwoko bwa 5 igishushanyo mbonera, bivuze ko kidafite umurongo wa plastike nka bariyeri ya gaze.Reba ikiganiro mu gice gikurikira.
Glace yagize ati: "Twagabanije demo ya mbere mu bice byambukiranya kandi dushushanya agace gahujwe."Ati: “Umwegereye urerekana ko twagize ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bifite ireme na laminate, imitwe ya strut ntabwo irambitse kuri laminate y'imbere.”
Gukemura ibibazo hamwe nu cyuho kiri hagati ya laminate yinkuta zimbere ninyuma yikigega.Guhindura inkoni ya karuvati umutwe itera icyuho hagati yambere na kabiri ya tank yigeragezwa.Inguzanyo y'ishusho: Kaminuza Tekinike ya Munich LCC.
Iyi tank ya mbere 450 x 290 x 80mm yarangiye mu cyi gishize.Glace yagize ati: "Kuva icyo gihe twateye imbere cyane, ariko turacyafite icyuho hagati ya laminate y'imbere n'inyuma."Yakomeje agira ati: “Twagerageje rero kuzuza ibyo byuho bisukuye kandi bisukuye cyane.Ibi mubyukuri bitezimbere isano iri hagati ya sitidiyo na laminate, ibyo bikaba byongera imbaraga za mashini. ”
Itsinda ryakomeje guteza imbere igishushanyo mbonera no gutunganya, harimo ibisubizo byuburyo bwifuzwa.Glace yabisobanuye agira ati: “Impande z'ikigega cy'ibizamini ntizari zuzuye neza kuko byari bigoye ko iyi geometrie ikora inzira ihindagurika.”“Inguni yacu ya mbere yazengurukaga yari 75 °, ariko twari tuzi ko hakenewe imiyoboro myinshi kugira ngo umutwaro uri muri ubwo bwato.Turacyashakisha igisubizo cyiki kibazo, ariko ntabwo byoroshye hamwe na software iri ku isoko.Irashobora guhinduka umushinga wo gukurikirana.
Gleiss agira ati: “Twerekanye ko iki gitekerezo gishoboka, ariko dukeneye kurushaho gukora kugira ngo tunoze isano iri hagati ya laminate no kuvugurura inkoni.“Kwipimisha hanze kumashini yipimisha.Ukuramo icyogajuru muri laminate hanyuma ukagerageza imitwaro ya mashini izo ngingo zishobora kwihanganira. ”
Iki gice cyumushinga wa Polymers4Hydrogen kizarangira mu mpera za 2023, icyo gihe Gleis yizeye kuzarangiza ikigega cya kabiri cyo kwerekana.Igishimishije, ibishushanyo uyumunsi bifashisha neza thermoplastique murwego hamwe na thermoset yibigize murukuta rwa tank.Ubu buryo bwa Hybrid buzakoreshwa mubigega byanyuma byerekana?Grace ati: "Yego."Ati: “Abafatanyabikorwa bacu mu mushinga wa Polymers4Hydrogène barimo gutegura epoxy resin hamwe n'ibindi bikoresho bya matrix bifite ibikoresho byiza bya hydrogène.”Yerekanye abafatanyabikorwa babiri bakora kuri uyu murimo, PCCL na kaminuza ya Tampere (Tampere, Finlande).
Gleiss n'itsinda rye kandi bunguranye amakuru kandi baganira ku bitekerezo na Jaeger ku mushinga wa kabiri wa HyDDen uva mu kigega cya LCC.
Jaeger agira ati: "Tuzakora icyombo gikomatanya ingufu za drone z'ubushakashatsi."Ati: “Ubu ni ubufatanye hagati y’amashami yombi y’ishami ry’ikirere na Geodetike ishami rya TUM - LCC n’ishami ry’ikoranabuhanga rya Kajugujugu (HT).Umushinga uzarangira mumpera za 2024 kandi ubu turimo turangiza ubwato bwumuvuduko.igishushanyo kirenze icyogajuru hamwe nuburyo bwimodoka.Nyuma yiki cyiciro cyambere, intambwe ikurikiraho ni ugukora imiterere irambuye yuburyo no guhanura imikorere yinzitizi yurukuta. ”
Yakomeje agira ati: "Igitekerezo cyose ni uguteza imbere drone ikora ubushakashatsi hamwe na selile ya lisansi na sisitemu yo gutwara batiri".Izakoresha bateri mugihe kiremereye cyane (ni ukuvuga guhaguruka no kugwa) hanyuma igahita yerekeza kuri lisansi mugihe cyo gutwara imitwaro yoroheje.Yeager yagize ati: "Itsinda rya HT ryari rifite drone y'ubushakashatsi kandi ryongera gukora powertrain yo gukoresha bateri ndetse na selile."Ati: "Baguze kandi ikigega cya CGH2 kugira ngo bagerageze iki cyerekezo."
Asobanura agira ati: “Itsinda ryanjye ryahawe inshingano zo kubaka prototype y’igitutu gikwiranye, ariko ntibiterwa n’ibibazo byo gupakira ikigega cya silindari cyakora.”“Ikigega gishimishije ntabwo gitanga umuyaga mwinshi.Urabona rero imikorere myiza y'indege. ”Ibipimo bya tank hafi.830 x 350 x 173 mm.
Byuzuye tanmoplastique AFP yujuje ikigega.Ku mushinga wa HyDDen, itsinda rya LCC muri TUM ryabanje gukora ubushakashatsi ku buryo busa n’ubwa Glace (hejuru), ariko nyuma yimukira mu nzira ikoresheje guhuza ibice byinshi byubatswe, hanyuma bikoreshwa cyane hakoreshejwe AFP (hepfo).Inguzanyo y'ishusho: Kaminuza Tekinike ya Munich LCC.
Yager agira ati: “Igitekerezo kimwe gisa n'uburyo Elisabeth [Gleiss] yakoresheje, kugira ngo ushyireho impagarara ku rukuta rw'ubwato kugira ngo yishyure imbaraga nyinshi.Ariko, aho gukoresha inzira ihindagurika kugirango dukore tank, dukoresha AFP.Kubwibyo, twatekereje kurema igice cyihariye cyumuvuduko wumuvuduko, aho ibice bimaze guhurizwa hamwe.Ubu buryo bwanyemereye guhuza byinshi muri ubwo buryo bwahurijwe hamwe hanyuma ngashyiraho agapira ko gufunga ibintu byose mbere yuko AFP iheruka. ”
Yakomeje agira ati: "Turimo kugerageza kurangiza igitekerezo nk'iki, kandi tunatangira kugerageza guhitamo ibikoresho, ari ngombwa cyane kugira ngo habeho guhangana na gaze ya H2.Kubwibyo, dukoresha cyane cyane ibikoresho bya thermoplastique kandi turimo gukora kuburyo butandukanye uburyo ibikoresho bizagira ingaruka kumyitwarire ya perme no gutunganya mumashini ya AFP.Ni ngombwa kumva niba ubuvuzi buzagira ingaruka kandi niba hari ibikenewe nyuma yo gutunganywa.Turashaka kandi kumenya niba ibirindiro bitandukanye bizagira ingaruka kuri hydrogène binyuze mu bwato. ”
Ikigega kizaba gikozwe muri thermoplastique kandi imirongo izatangwa na Teijin Carbon Europe GmbH (Wuppertal, Ubudage).Yager yagize ati: "Tuzakoresha ibikoresho byabo bya PPS [polifhenylene sulfide], PEEK [polyether ketone] na LM PAEK [gushonga kwa polyaryl ketone]."Ati: “Hanyuma hakorwa igereranya kugira ngo harebwe icyaba cyiza mu kurinda kwinjira no gutanga ibice bifite imikorere myiza.”Yizera kurangiza ibizamini, imiterere nuburyo bwo kwerekana no kwerekana imyigaragambyo yambere mumwaka utaha.
Ibikorwa byubushakashatsi byakorewe muri module ya COMET “Polymers4Hydrogene” (ID 21647053) muri gahunda ya COMET ya minisiteri nkuru y’imihindagurikire y’ibihe, Ibidukikije, Ingufu, Ingendo, Udushya n’ikoranabuhanga na Minisiteri y’ikoranabuhanga n’ikoranabuhanga mu bukungu..Abanditsi bashimiye abafatanyabikorwa bitabiriye ikigo cya Polymer Competence Centre Leoben GmbH (PCCL, Otirishiya), Montanuniversitaet Leoben (Ishami rya Polymer Engineering and Science, Ishami rya Chimie y’ibikoresho bya Polymer, Ishami ry’ibikoresho Ubumenyi n’ibizamini bya Polymer), Kaminuza ya Tampere (Ishami ry’Ubwubatsi) Ibikoresho).) Siyanse), Ikoranabuhanga rya Peak na Faurecia bagize uruhare muri iki gikorwa cyubushakashatsi.COMET-Modul iterwa inkunga na guverinoma ya Otirishiya na guverinoma ya leta ya Styria.
Impapuro zabanjirije imbaraga zubaka imitwaro zirimo fibre zihoraho - ntabwo ziva mubirahure gusa, ahubwo no muri karubone na aramide.
Hariho inzira nyinshi zo gukora ibice.Kubwibyo, guhitamo uburyo kubice runaka bizaterwa nibikoresho, igishushanyo cyigice, hamwe nimikoreshereze yanyuma cyangwa ikoreshwa.Hano harayobora.
Shocker Composites na R&M International barimo guteza imbere urunigi rutanga umusaruro wa karubone rutanga ubwicanyi bwa zeru, igiciro gito ugereranije na fibre yisugi kandi amaherezo izatanga uburebure bwegera fibre ikomeza mumiterere yimiterere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-15-2023