Matanki okhazikika apulatifomu ya ma BEV ndi ma FCEV amagwiritsa ntchito ma thermoplastic ndi thermoset composites okhala ndi mafupa omanga omwe amapereka 25% kusungirako kwa H2.#hydrogen #trends
Pambuyo pa mgwirizano ndi BMW adawonetsa kuti thanki ya cubic imatha kutulutsa mphamvu zambiri kuposa masilinda ang'onoang'ono angapo, Technical University of Munich idayamba ntchito yopanga kapangidwe kazinthu komanso njira yopangira scalable yopanga serial.Ngongole ya zithunzi: TU Dresden (pamwamba) kumanzere), Technical University of Munich, Department of Carbon Composites (LCC)
Magalimoto amagetsi amafuta (FCEVs) oyendetsedwa ndi zero-emission (H2) haidrojeni amapereka njira zowonjezera kuti akwaniritse zolinga zachilengedwe.Galimoto yonyamula mafuta yokhala ndi injini ya H2 imatha kudzazidwa mu mphindi 5-7 ndipo imakhala ndi mtunda wa makilomita 500, koma pakali pano ndi yokwera mtengo kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kupanga.Njira imodzi yochepetsera ndalama ndikugwiritsa ntchito nsanja yokhazikika yamitundu ya BEV ndi FCEV.Izi sizingatheke chifukwa matanki amtundu wa 4 wa cylindrical omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito posungira gasi woponderezedwa wa H2 (CGH2) pa bar 700 mu FCEVs sali oyenerera zipinda za batri zapansi zomwe zapangidwira mosamala magalimoto amagetsi.Komabe, zotengera zopanikizika zomwe zili ngati mapilo ndi ma cubes zimatha kulowa m'malo ophatikizika awa.
Patent US5577630A ya "Composite Conformal Pressure Vessel", ntchito yolembedwa ndi Thiokol Corp. mu 1995 (kumanzere) ndi chotengera cha rectangular chovomerezeka ndi BMW mu 2009 (kumanja).
Dipatimenti ya Carbon Composites (LCC) ya Technical University of Munich (TUM, Munich, Germany) ikugwira nawo ntchito ziwiri zopanga lingaliroli.Yoyamba ndi Polymers4Hydrogen (P4H), motsogozedwa ndi Leoben Polymer Competence Center (PCCL, Leoben, Austria).Phukusi la ntchito ya LCC limatsogozedwa ndi Fellow Elizabeth Glace.
Ntchito yachiwiri ndi Hydrogen Demonstration and Development Environment (HyDDen), kumene LCC imatsogoleredwa ndi Wofufuza Christian Jaeger.Onsewa akufuna kupanga chiwonetsero chachikulu cha njira yopangira kupanga tanki yoyenera ya CGH2 pogwiritsa ntchito zida za carbon fiber.
Pali mphamvu zochepa za volumetric pamene masilinda ang'onoang'ono amaikidwa m'maselo a batri lathyathyathya (kumanzere) ndi zotengera zamtundu wa kiyubiki 2 zopangidwa ndizitsulo zachitsulo ndi chipolopolo cha carbon / epoxy composite kunja (kumanja).Gwero la Zithunzi: Zithunzi 3 ndi 6 zimachokera ku "Numerical Design Approach for Type II Pressure Box Vessel yokhala ndi Miyendo Yamkati Yamkati" ndi Ruf ndi Zaremba et al.
P4H yapanga thanki yoyesera ya cube yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito chimango cha thermoplastic chokhala ndi zingwe zomangika / zingwe zokulungidwa mu carbon fiber reinforced epoxy.HyDDen idzagwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe ofanana, koma idzagwiritsa ntchito automatic fiber layup (AFP) kupanga matanki onse opangidwa ndi thermoplastic.
Kuchokera pakugwiritsa ntchito patent ndi Thiokol Corp. kupita ku "Composite Conformal Pressure Vessel" mu 1995 kupita ku Germany Patent DE19749950C2 mu 1997, zombo zamagesi zoponderezedwa "zitha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe a geometric", koma mawonekedwe osalala komanso osakhazikika, pabowo lolumikizidwa ndi chipolopolo. .zinthu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti athe kupirira mphamvu ya kukula kwa gasi.
Pepala la 2006 la Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) limafotokoza njira zitatu: chotengera cholumikizira chilonda, chotengera cha microlattice chomwe chili ndi mkati mwa orthorhombic lattice structure (maselo ang'onoang'ono a 2 cm kapena kuchepera), atazunguliridwa ndi chidebe chopyapyala cha H2, ndi replicator chidebe, wopangidwa mkati dongosolo wopangidwa ndi glued tinthu tating'onoting'ono (mwachitsanzo, hexagonal mphete pulasitiki) ndi zikuchokera woonda kunja chipolopolo khungu.Zotengera zobwereza ndizoyenera kwambiri zotengera zazikulu momwe njira zachikhalidwe zimakhala zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito.
Patent DE102009057170A yosungidwa ndi Volkswagen mu 2009 imalongosola chombo chokwera pamagalimoto chomwe chidzapereka kulemera kwakukulu ndikuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito malo.Matanki a rectangular amagwiritsa ntchito zolumikizira zolumikizana pakati pa makoma awiri akona, ndipo ngodya zake ndi zozungulira.
Mfundo zapamwambazi ndi zina zatchulidwa ndi Gleiss mu pepala la "Process Development for Cubic Pressure Vessels ndi Stretch Bars" lolemba Gleiss et al.ku ECCM20 (June 26-30, 2022, Lausanne, Switzerland).M'nkhaniyi, akutchula kafukufuku wa TUM wofalitsidwa ndi Michael Roof ndi Sven Zaremba, yemwe adapeza kuti chotengera cha cubic pressure chokhala ndi zingwe zomangika zolumikiza mbali zamakona ndizothandiza kwambiri kuposa masilinda ang'onoang'ono angapo omwe amalowa mu batire lathyathyathya, kupereka pafupifupi 25 % Zambiri.malo osungira.
Malinga ndi Gleiss, vuto loyika ma cylinders angapo ang'onoang'ono amtundu wa 4 pamlandu wathyathyathya ndikuti "voliyumu pakati pa masilindala imachepetsedwa kwambiri ndipo dongosololi limakhalanso ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri la mpweya wa H2.Pazonse, dongosololi limapereka mphamvu zochepa zosungirako kuposa mitsuko ya cubic. ”
Komabe, palinso zovuta zina ndi kapangidwe ka tanki ka cubic."Mwachiwonekere, chifukwa cha mpweya wopanikizika, muyenera kulimbana ndi mphamvu zopindika pamakoma athyathyathya," adatero Gleiss."Pachifukwa ichi, mufunika cholimba cholimba chomwe chimalumikizana mkati ndi makoma a thanki.Koma ndizovuta kuchita ndi ma kompositi. ”
Glace ndi gulu lake anayesa kuphatikizira mipiringidzo yolimbikitsira m'chombo chokakamiza m'njira yomwe ingakhale yoyenera pakumangirira kwa ulusi."Izi ndizofunikira pakupanga kuchuluka kwakukulu," akufotokozanso, "komanso zimatipatsa mwayi wopanga makhoma a chidebecho kuti tikwaniritse mawonekedwe amtundu uliwonse m'derali."
Njira zinayi zopangira tanki yoyeserera ya projekiti ya P4H.Ngongole yazithunzi: "Kupanga njira yopangira zombo zokhala ndi ma cubic pressure", Technical University of Munich, Polymers4Hydrogen project, ECCM20, June 2022.
Kuti tikwaniritse unyolo, gululi lapanga lingaliro latsopano lokhala ndi masitepe anayi, monga tawonera pamwambapa.Ma struts amphamvu, omwe amawonetsedwa mwakuda pamasitepe, ndi mawonekedwe opangidwa kale omwe amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotengedwa ku projekiti ya MAI Skelett.Pantchitoyi, BMW idapanga "chizindikiro" cha windshield chogwiritsa ntchito ndodo zinayi zolimbitsa ma fiber, zomwe zidapangidwa kukhala pulasitiki.
Choyimira cha tanki yoyesera ya cubic.Magawo a hexagonal chigoba cha 3D chosindikizidwa ndi TUM pogwiritsa ntchito ulusi wosalimba wa PLA (pamwamba), ndikulowetsa ndodo za CF/PA6 ngati zingwe zomangika (pakati) ndiyeno kukulunga ulusi mozungulira zingwe (pansi).Chithunzi chojambula: Technical University of Munich LCC.
"Lingaliro ndilakuti mutha kupanga chimango cha tanki ya cubic ngati mawonekedwe okhazikika," adatero Glace."Ma module awa amayikidwa mu chida chomangira, zomangira zomangika zimayikidwa m'ma module, kenako njira ya MAI Skelett imagwiritsidwa ntchito mozungulira ma struts kuti awaphatikize ndi zigawo za chimango."kupanga misa njira, chifukwa mu dongosolo kuti kenako ntchito ngati mandrel kapena pachimake kukulunga thanki yosungirako gulu chipolopolo.
TUM idapanga chimango cha thanki ngati "khushoni" ya kiyubiki yokhala ndi mbali zolimba, ngodya zozungulira komanso mawonekedwe a hexagonal pamwamba ndi pansi pomwe zomangira zimatha kuyikidwa ndi kumata.Mabowo a rack awa adasindikizidwanso 3D."Kwa thanki yathu yoyamba yoyesera, ife 3D tinasindikiza zigawo za hexagonal frame pogwiritsa ntchito polylactic acid [PLA, bio-based thermoplastic] chifukwa inali yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo," adatero Glace.
Gululo lidagula ndodo 68 za pultruded carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6 (PA6) kuchokera ku SGL Carbon (Meitingen, Germany) kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zomangira.Gleiss anati: “Kuti tiyese mfundo imeneyi, sitinapange chilichonse, koma tinangoikamo zopangira zisa za uchi za 3D n’kuzimata ndi guluu wa epoxy.Izi zimapereka mandrel okhomerera tanki. ”Iye ananena kuti ngakhale ndodozi n’zosavuta kuzizunguza, pali mavuto ena aakulu amene adzafotokozedwa m’tsogolomu.
"Pa gawo loyamba, cholinga chathu chinali kusonyeza manufacturability wa mapangidwe ndi kuzindikira mavuto mu lingaliro kupanga," anafotokoza Gleiss."Choncho mayendedwe amanjenje amatuluka kuchokera kunja kwa chigobacho, ndipo timayika ulusi wa kaboni pachimake ichi pogwiritsa ntchito ulusi wonyowa wokhotakhota.Pambuyo pake, mu gawo lachitatu, timapinda mutu wa ndodo iliyonse.thermoplastic, kotero timangogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kukonzanso mutu kuti ukhale wosalala ndikutsekera mu gawo loyamba la kukulunga.Kenaka timapitiriza kukulunganso dongosololo kuti mutu wokhotakhota ukhale wotsekedwa mkati mwa thanki.laminate pa makoma.
Chovala cha Spacer kuti chikuyendetse.TUM imagwiritsa ntchito zisoti za pulasitiki kumapeto kwa ndodo zomangika kuti ulusi zisagwedezeke pakumangirira kwa ulusi.Chithunzi chojambula: Technical University of Munich LCC.
Glace adanenanso kuti thanki yoyamba iyi inali umboni wa lingaliro."Kugwiritsa ntchito makina osindikizira a 3D ndi guluu kunali poyeserera koyambirira ndipo kunatipatsa lingaliro la zovuta zingapo zomwe tidakumana nazo.Mwachitsanzo, pakumangirira, ulusiwo unagwidwa ndi malekezero a ndodo zomangika, zomwe zimayambitsa kusweka kwa ulusi, kuwonongeka kwa ulusi, ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ulusi kuti athane ndi izi.tinkagwiritsira ntchito zisoti zapulasitiki zoŵerengeka monga zopangira zopangira zomwe zinkaikidwa pamitengo isanayambe sitepe yoyamba yokhotakhota.Kenako, pamene zotchingira zamkati za mkati zinapangidwa, tinachotsa zisoti zotetezera zimenezi ndi kukonzanso nsonga za mitengoyo tisanazikutire komaliza.”
Gululo linayesa zochitika zosiyanasiyana zomanganso.Grace akutero:"Komanso, panthawi ya prototyping, tidagwiritsa ntchito chida chowotcherera chosinthidwa kuti tigwiritse ntchito kutentha ndikukonzanso malekezero a ndodo.Mu lingaliro lopanga zinthu zambiri, mungakhale ndi chida chimodzi chokulirapo chomwe chimatha kupanga ndi kupanga malekezero onse a struts kukhala mkati momaliza laminate nthawi imodzi..”
Mitu ya drawbar idapangidwanso.TUM idayesa malingaliro osiyanasiyana ndikusintha ma welds kuti agwirizane ndi malekezero a zomangira zophatikizika kuti amangirire ku thanki khoma laminate.Ngongole yazithunzi: "Kupanga njira yopangira zombo zokhala ndi ma cubic pressure", Technical University of Munich, Polymers4Hydrogen project, ECCM20, June 2022.
Choncho, laminate imachiritsidwa pambuyo pa sitepe yoyamba yokhotakhota, nsanamirazo zimakonzedwanso, TUM imamaliza kuphulika kwachiwiri kwa filaments, ndiyeno thanki yakunja ya khoma laminate imachiritsidwa kachiwiri.Chonde dziwani kuti iyi ndi mtundu wa tank 5, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ilibe pulasitiki ngati chotchinga mpweya.Onani zokambirana mu gawo la Masitepe Otsatira pansipa.
"Tinadula chiwonetsero choyamba kukhala magawo odutsa ndikujambula malo olumikizidwa," adatero Glace."Pafupipafupi tikuwonetsa kuti tinali ndi zovuta zina ndi laminate, mitu ya strut sinagoneke pakatikati pa laminate."
Kuthetsa mavuto ndi mipata pakati pa laminate mkati ndi kunja kwa thanki.Mutu wa ndodo yosinthidwa umapanga kusiyana pakati pa kutembenuka koyamba ndi kwachiwiri kwa thanki yoyesera.Chithunzi chojambula: Technical University of Munich LCC.
Tanki yoyambirira iyi ya 450 x 290 x 80mm idamalizidwa chilimwe chatha."Tapita patsogolo kwambiri kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, koma tidakali ndi kusiyana pakati pa laminate yamkati ndi yakunja," adatero Glace."Chotero tinayesetsa kudzaza mipata ndi utomoni woyera, wapamwamba kwambiri.Izi zimathandizira kulumikizana pakati pa ma studs ndi laminate, zomwe zimawonjezera kupsinjika kwamakina. ”
Gululi lidapitiliza kupanga mapangidwe a tanki ndi njira, kuphatikiza mayankho amtundu womwe akufuna."Mbali za thanki yoyesera sizinali zopindika mokwanira chifukwa zinali zovuta kuti geometry iyi ipange njira yokhotakhota," adatero Glace."Mapiritsi athu oyamba anali 75 °, koma tinkadziwa kuti mabwalo angapo amafunikira kuti akwaniritse katundu m'chombo chopanikizika.Tikuyang'anabe njira yothetsera vutoli, koma sikophweka ndi mapulogalamu omwe ali pamsika panopa.Itha kukhala projekiti yotsatila.
"Tawonetsa kuthekera kwa lingaliro lopangali," akutero Gleiss, "koma tifunika kupitiliza kukonza kugwirizana pakati pa laminate ndi kukonzanso ndodo zomangira."Kuyesa kwakunja pamakina oyesera.Mumakoka ma spacers mu laminate ndikuyesa katundu wa makina omwe mafupawo amatha kupirira. "
Gawo ili la polojekiti ya Polymers4Hydrogen idzamalizidwa kumapeto kwa 2023, panthawi yomwe Gleis akuyembekeza kumaliza thanki yachiwonetsero yachiwiri.Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, mapangidwe amasiku ano amagwiritsa ntchito ma thermoplastics olimba bwino mu chimango ndi ma thermoset composites pamakoma a thanki.Kodi njira yosakanizidwa imeneyi idzagwiritsidwa ntchito mu thanki yomaliza yowonetsera?"Inde," adatero Grace."Othandizana nawo pantchito ya Polymers4Hydrogen akupanga utomoni wa epoxy ndi zida zina zophatikizika zomwe zimakhala ndi zotchinga za hydrogen."Amatchula anthu awiri omwe akugwira nawo ntchitoyi, PCCL ndi yunivesite ya Tampere (Tampere, Finland).
Gleiss ndi gulu lake adagawananso zambiri ndikukambirana malingaliro ndi Jaeger pa projekiti yachiwiri ya HyDDen kuchokera ku tanki ya LCC conformal composite.
"Tikhala tikupanga chotengera chophatikizika chophatikizika cha ma drones ofufuza," akutero Jaeger."Uku ndi mgwirizano pakati pa madipatimenti awiri a Aerospace and Geodetic Department of TUM - LCC ndi Dipatimenti ya Helicopter Technology (HT).Ntchitoyi idzamalizidwa kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2024 ndipo panopa tikutsiriza chombo chokakamiza.kamangidwe kamene kamakhala koyendetsa ndege komanso magalimoto.Pambuyo pa lingaliro loyambirirali, chotsatira ndichopanga mafanizo atsatanetsatane ndikulosera momwe khomalo likuyendera. ”
"Lingaliro lonse ndikupanga drone yowunikira yokhala ndi makina osakanizidwa amafuta ndi makina oyendetsa mabatire," adapitilizabe.Idzagwiritsa ntchito batire ikanyamula mphamvu zambiri (mwachitsanzo, kunyamuka ndi kutera) kenako ndikusinthira ku cell yamafuta panthawi yoyenda mopepuka."Gulu la HT linali kale ndi drone yofufuza ndikukonzanso magetsi kuti agwiritse ntchito mabatire ndi mafuta," adatero Yeager."Anagulanso thanki ya CGH2 kuti ayese kufala kumeneku."
"Gulu langa lidapatsidwa ntchito yomanga tanki yopondereza yomwe ingagwirizane, koma osati chifukwa cha kuyika kwa tanki ya cylindrical," akufotokoza motero.“Thanki yopyapyala siitha kupirira mphepo.Chifukwa chake mumachita bwino pakuuluka. ”Makulidwe a tanki pafupifupi.830 x 350 x 173 mm.
Tanki yogwirizana ndi thermoplastic AFP.Kwa polojekiti ya HyDDen, gulu la LCC ku TUM poyamba linafufuza njira yofanana ndi yomwe Glace (pamwambapa), koma kenako anasamukira ku njira yogwiritsira ntchito ma modules angapo apangidwe, omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso pogwiritsa ntchito AFP (pansipa).Chithunzi chojambula: Technical University of Munich LCC.
“Lingaliro limodzi nlofanana ndi njira ya Elisabeth [Gleiss],” akutero Yager, “kuika zingwe zomangirira pakhoma la chombo kuti atetezere mphamvu yopindika kwambiri.Komabe, m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito njira yokhotakhota kupanga thanki, timagwiritsa ntchito AFP.Choncho, tinaganiza zopanga chigawo chosiyana cha chotengera choponderezedwa, chomwe ma racks aphatikizidwa kale.Njirayi inandilola kuti ndiphatikize ma module angapo ophatikizikawa ndikuyika chipewa chomaliza kuti ndisindikize chilichonse chisanachitike ma AFP omaliza. "
"Tikuyesera kutsiriza lingaliro loterolo," adapitirizabe, "ndikuyambanso kuyesa kusankhidwa kwa zipangizo, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire kukana koyenera kwa mpweya wa H2.Pazifukwa izi, timagwiritsa ntchito zida za thermoplastic ndipo tikugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana momwe zinthuzo zingakhudzire khalidwe la permeation ndi kukonza makina a AFP.Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa ngati chithandizocho chidzakhala ndi zotsatirapo komanso ngati kukonzanso pambuyo pakufunika.Tikufunanso kudziwa ngati miluko yosiyanasiyana ingakhudze mayendedwe a haidrojeni kudzera m'chotengera chokakamiza. ”
Thankiyo idzakhala yopangidwa ndi thermoplastic ndipo mizere idzaperekedwa ndi Teijin Carbon Europe GmbH (Wuppertal, Germany)."Tidzagwiritsa ntchito PPS yawo [polyphenylene sulfide], PEEK [polyether ketone] ndi LM PAEK [low melting polyaryl ketone] zipangizo," adatero Yager."Kuyerekeza kumapangidwa kuti awone kuti ndi iti yomwe ili yabwino kwambiri kuti itetezedwe ndikulowa ndikupanga magawo ochita bwino."Akuyembekeza kuti adzamaliza kuyesa, kupanga mapangidwe ndi machitidwe ndi ziwonetsero zoyamba mkati mwa chaka chamawa.
Ntchito yofufuzayo idachitika mkati mwa gawo la COMET "Polymers4Hydrogen" (ID 21647053) mkati mwa pulogalamu ya COMET ya Federal Ministry for Climate Change, Environment, Energy, Mobility, Innovation and Technology ndi Federal Ministry for Digital Technology and Economics..Olemba zikomo abwenzi nawo Polymer Luso Center Leoben GmbH (PCCL, Austria), Montanuniversitaet Leoben (Faculty of Polymer Engineering ndi Science, Dipatimenti ya Chemistry wa Polima Zida, Dipatimenti ya Zida Science ndi Polima Kuyesa), University of Tampere (Faculty of Engineering Zida).) Sayansi), Peak Technology ndi Faurecia anathandizira pa ntchitoyi.COMET-Modul amathandizidwa ndi boma la Austria ndi boma la Styria.
Mapepala okonzedweratu opangira zida zonyamula katundu amakhala ndi ulusi wopitirira - osati kuchokera ku galasi, komanso kuchokera ku carbon ndi aramid.
Pali njira zambiri zopangira magawo a kompositi.Choncho, kusankha njira ya gawo linalake kudzadalira zinthu, mapangidwe a gawolo, ndi ntchito yomaliza kapena kugwiritsa ntchito.Nayi kalozera wosankha.
Shocker Composites ndi R&M International akupanga makina ogwiritsira ntchito kaboni fiber omwe amapangidwanso omwe amapha ziro, mtengo wotsika kuposa ulusi wa namwali ndipo pamapeto pake adzapereka utali womwe umayandikira ulusi wopitilira muzomangamanga.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-15-2023