Tankị ndị dị larịị maka BEVs na FCEVs na-eji ngwakọta thermoplastic na thermoset nwere ihe owuwu ọkpụkpụ nke na-enye nchekwa H2 25% karịa. #hydrogen #trends
Mgbe ha na BMW rụkọrọ ọrụ gosiri na tankị cubic nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma karịa ọtụtụ obere silinda, Mahadum Teknụzụ nke Munich malitere ọrụ iji mepụta usoro nhazi na usoro mmepụta ihe a na-agbanwe agbanwe maka mmepụta usoro. Ebe e si nweta foto: TU Dresden (n'elu) aka ekpe), Mahadum Teknụzụ nke Munich, Ngalaba Carbon Composites (LCC)
Ụgbọala eletrik nke sel mmanụ ọkụ (FCEVs) nke hydrogen efu-emission (H2) na-enye ụzọ ọzọ iji ruo ebe ọ bụla a na-eche maka gburugburu ebe obibi. Enwere ike ijupụta ụgbọala ndị njem sel mmanụ ọkụ nwere injin H2 n'ime nkeji 5-7 ma nwee ike iru kilomita 500, mana ọ dị oke ọnụ ugbu a n'ihi obere mmepụta. Otu ụzọ isi belata ọnụ ahịa bụ iji ikpo okwu ọkọlọtọ maka ụdị BEV na FCEV. Nke a agaghị ekwe omume ugbu a n'ihi na tankị cylindrical Type 4 ejiri chekwaa gas H2 (CGH2) a kpụkọrọ akpụkọ na 700 bar na FCEVs adabaghị maka oghere batrị dị n'okpuru ahụ nke e ji nlezianya mee maka ụgbọala eletrik. Agbanyeghị, arịa nrụgide dị n'ụdị ohiri isi na cubes nwere ike ịbanye n'ime oghere nkwakọ ngwaahịa dị larịị a.
Akwụkwọ ikike US5577630A maka "Ụgbọ nrụgide nke ejiri ihe mejupụtara ya", akwụkwọ arịrịọ nke Thiokol Corp. tinyere na 1995 (n'aka ekpe) na ụgbọ nrụgide nke nwere akụkụ anọ nke BMW nyere ikike inweta ikike na 2009 (n'aka nri).
Ngalaba nke Carbon Composites (LCC) nke Mahadum Teknụzụ nke Munich (TUM, Munich, Germany) na-etinye aka na ọrụ abụọ iji mepụta echiche a. Nke mbụ bụ Polymers4Hydrogen (P4H), nke Leoben Polymer Competence Center (PCCL, Leoben, Austria) na-edu. Onye otu Elizabeth Glace na-edu ọrụ LCC.
Ọrụ nke abụọ bụ Hydrogen Demonstration and Development Environment (HyDDen), ebe onye nchọpụta Christian Jaeger na-edu LCC. Ha abụọ bu n'obi ịmepụta nnukwu ngosipụta nke usoro mmepụta maka ime tankị CGH2 kwesịrị ekwesị site na iji ihe mejupụtara eriri carbon.
A naghị enwe oke arụmọrụ volumetric mgbe etinyere obere silinda dayameta n'ime sel batrị dị larịị (aka ekpe) na arịa nrụgide ụdị cubic nke abụọ nke ejiri ígwè mee na shei mpụta nke eriri carbon/epoxy (aka nri). Isi Iyi Foto: Foto nke 3 na 6 sitere na "Usoro Nhazi Ọnụọgụ maka Vessel Igbe Nrụgide Ụdị nke Abụọ nwere Ụkwụ Nrụgide Dị n'ime" nke Ruf na Zaremba et al.
P4H emepụtala tankị cube nnwale nke na-eji etiti thermoplastic nwere eriri nrụgide/struts jikọtara ọnụ nke ejiri epoxy nke eriri carbon mee ka ọ sie ike kechie. HyDDen ga-eji imewe yiri nke ahụ, mana ọ ga-eji eriri akpaka (AFP) rụpụta tankị thermoplastic niile.
Site na ngwa ikike ikike nke Thiokol Corp. tinyere na "Ngwa Nrụgide Ngwakọta" na 1995 ruo na ikike ikike German DE19749950C2 na 1997, a na-eji ihe ndị dị n'ime gas a gbakọrọ agbakọ "nwere ike inwe nhazi geometric ọ bụla", mana ọkachasị ọdịdị dị larịị na nke na-adịghị mma, n'ime oghere ejikọtara na nkwado shei ahụ ka ha wee nwee ike iguzogide ike nke mgbasawanye nke gas ahụ.
Akwụkwọ Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) nke afọ 2006 kọwara ụzọ atọ: arịa nrụgide eriri, arịa nrụgide microlattice nke nwere nhazi lattice dị n'ime (obere mkpụrụ ndụ nke 2 cm ma ọ bụ ihe na-erughị ya), gbara ya gburugburu na akpa H2 dị gịrịgịrị, na akpa replator, nke nwere akụkụ dị n'ime nke nwere obere akụkụ glued (dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbaaka plastik hexagonal) na ihe mejupụtara akpụkpọ ahụ dị gịrịgịrị. Akpa abụọ ndị a kacha mma maka akpa ndị buru ibu ebe ụzọ ọdịnala nwere ike isi ike itinye.
Akwụkwọ ikike DE102009057170A nke Volkswagen tinyere na 2009 na-akọwa arịa nrụgide nke a na-etinye n'ụgbọala nke ga-enye arụmọrụ dị elu ma na-eme ka ojiji oghere ka mma. Tankị akụkụ anọ na-eji njikọ nrụgide n'etiti mgbidi akụkụ anọ abụọ dị n'akụkụ ibe ha, akụkụ ya dịkwa gburugburu.
Gleiss hotara echiche ndị dị n'elu na ndị ọzọ n'akwụkwọ "Mmepe Usoro maka Cubic Pressure Vessels with Stretch Bars" nke Gleiss et al. dere na ECCM20 (June 26-30, 2022, Lausanne, Switzerland). N'isiokwu a, o hotara nnyocha TUM nke Michael Roof na Sven Zaremba bipụtara, nke chọpụtara na arịa cubic pressure vene nwere strength struts jikọtara akụkụ akụkụ anọ dị irè karịa ọtụtụ obere silinda ndị dabara na oghere nke batrị dị larịị, na-enye ihe dị ka 25% ohere nchekwa.
Dịka Gleiss si kwuo, nsogbu dị na itinye ọtụtụ obere silinda ụdị 4 n'ime igbe dị larịị bụ na "olu dị n'etiti silinda ahụ na-ebelata nke ukwuu, sistemụ ahụ nwekwara nnukwu elu ikuku gas H2. N'ozuzu ya, sistemụ ahụ na-enye obere ikike nchekwa karịa ite kubik."
Agbanyeghị, enwere nsogbu ndị ọzọ na nhazi kubik nke tankị ahụ. "N'ezie, n'ihi gas a kpọchiri akpọchi, ịkwesịrị ịlụso ike mgbagọ dị na mgbidi dị larịị ọgụ," Gleiss kwuru. "Maka nke a, ịchọrọ ihe owuwu siri ike nke na-ejikọ n'ime mgbidi tankị ahụ. Mana nke ahụ siri ike gbasara ihe mejupụtara ya."
Glace na ndị otu ya gbalịrị itinye ihe mgbochi nrụgide siri ike n'ime arịa nrụgide ahụ n'ụzọ ga-adabara usoro ịgbanye eriri. "Nke a dị mkpa maka mmepụta dị elu," ka ọ na-akọwa, "ọ na-enyekwa anyị ohere ịmepụta usoro ịgbagharị nke mgbidi akpa ahụ iji mee ka eriri ahụ dị mma maka ibu ọ bụla dị na mpaghara ahụ."
Nzọụkwụ anọ iji mee tankị cubic composite nnwale maka ọrụ P4H. Ebe e si nweta foto a: "Mmepe nke usoro mmepụta maka arịa nrụgide cubic nwere brace", Mahadum Teknụzụ nke Munich, ọrụ Polymers4Hydrogen, ECCM20, Juun 2022.
Iji mezuo usoro a, ndị otu ahụ emepụtala echiche ọhụrụ nke nwere usoro anọ dị mkpa, dịka egosiri n'elu. Eserese nrụgide ahụ, nke egosiri n'ojii na steepụ ndị ahụ, bụ usoro etiti e mere tupu oge eruo site na iji usoro sitere na ọrụ MAI Skelett. Maka ọrụ a, BMW mepụtara "framework" nke e ji eriri anọ mee ka ọ sie ike, nke e wee kpụzie ka ọ bụrụ etiti plastik.
Efere nke tankị kubik nnwale. Akụkụ ọkpụkpụ hexagonal 3D nke TUM bipụtara site na iji eriri PLA na-enweghị nkwado (n'elu), na-etinye mkpanaka CF/PA6 pultrusion dị ka ihe nkwado nrụgide (etiti) wee kechie eriri gburugburu ihe nkwado (ala). Ebe e si nweta foto: Mahadum Teknụzụ nke Munich LCC.
“Echiche bụ na ị nwere ike iwuli okpokolo agba nke tankị cubic dị ka usoro modular,” Glace kwuru. “A na-etinye modulu ndị a n'ime ngwaọrụ ịkpụzi, a na-etinye struts nrụgide na modulu fremu, mgbe ahụ a na-eji usoro MAI Skelett gburugburu struts iji jikọta ha na akụkụ fremu.” Usoro mmepụta oke, nke na-eme ka e nwee usoro nke a na-eji dị ka mandrel ma ọ bụ isi iji kechie shei mejupụtara tankị nchekwa.
TUM mere ka e nwee ihe owuwu tank ahụ dị ka "ohiri isi" dị kubik, nke nwere akụkụ siri ike, akụkụ gbara gburugburu, yana ụkpụrụ hexagonal n'elu na ala nke a pụrụ itinye ma tinye ihe ndị ahụ. E bipụtakwara oghere maka ihe owuwu ndị a n'ụzọ 3D. "Maka tankị nnwale mbụ anyị, anyị jiri polylactic acid [PLA, thermoplastic based bio] bipụta akụkụ hexagonal frame n'ihi na ọ dị mfe ma dị ọnụ ala," Glace kwuru.
Ndị otu ahụ zụtara mkpanaka 68 nke e ji eriri carbon eme ka ọ sie ike nke e ji polyamide 6 (PA6) mee ka ọ dị ka ihe e ji ejikọta ya na SGL Carbon (Meitingen, Germany) maka iji ya mee ihe. “Iji nwalee echiche a, anyị emeghị ihe ọ bụla e ji akpụ ihe,” ka Gleiss na-ekwu, “kama anyị tinyere oghere n'ime etiti mmanụ aṅụ e biri ebi nke 3D ma jiri gluu epoxy mado ha. Nke a na-enye mandrel maka ịgbagharị tankị ahụ.” O kwuru na ọ bụ ezie na mkpanaka ndị a dị mfe ịfụ, e nwere ụfọdụ nsogbu dị mkpa a ga-akọwa ma emechaa.
“Na nke mbụ, ihe mgbaru ọsọ anyị bụ igosi etu esi emepụta ihe ma chọpụta nsogbu dị na echiche mmepụta,” ka Gleiss kọwara. “Ya mere, struts nrụgide na-apụta site na elu mpụta nke usoro ọkpụkpụ ahụ, anyị na-ejikọ eriri carbon na isi a site na iji eriri mmiri mmiri. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, na nke atọ, anyị na-agbagọ isi nke mkpanaka tai ọ bụla. thermoplastic, yabụ anyị na-eji okpomọkụ agbanwe isi ahụ ka ọ dị larịị ma kpọchie na oyi akwa mbụ nke mkpuchi. Anyị na-aga n'ihu na-ekechi ihe owuwu ahụ ọzọ ka isi nrụgide dị larịị wee banye na geometric n'ime tank ahụ. laminate na mgbidi.
Okpu oghere maka ịgbagharị. TUM na-eji mkpuchi plastik na nsọtụ nke mkpanaka nrụgide iji gbochie eriri ndị ahụ ịgbagharị n'oge ịgbagharị eriri. Ebe e si nweta foto: Mahadum Teknụzụ nke Munich LCC.
Glace kwughachiri na tankị mbụ a bụ ihe akaebe nke echiche. "Ojiji nke mbipụta 3D na gluu bụ naanị maka nnwale mbụ ma nye anyị echiche nke ụfọdụ nsogbu anyị zutere. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'oge ịgbagharị, nsọtụ mkpanaka nrụgide ahụ jidere eriri, na-akpata mmebi eriri, mmebi eriri, ma belata ọnụọgụ eriri iji gbochie nke a. Anyị jiri mkpuchi plastik ole na ole dị ka ihe enyemaka mmepụta nke e tinyere na mkpanaka tupu usoro ịgbagharị mbụ. Mgbe ahụ, mgbe e mere laminates dị n'ime, anyị wepụrụ mkpuchi nchebe ndị a ma gbanwee nsọtụ ogwe osisi tupu e mechie ha."
Ndị otu ahụ nwalere ụdị ihe dị iche iche e ji emegharị ihe. Grace kwuru, sị: “Ndị na-elegharị anya gburugburu na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma.” “Ọzọkwa, n'oge usoro nhazi ihe nlereanya, anyị jiri ngwa ịgbado ọkụ agbanwere iji tinye okpomọkụ ma gbanwee nsọtụ mkpanaka taị. N'echiche mmepụta ihe dị ukwuu, ị ga-enwe otu ngwaọrụ ka ukwuu nke nwere ike ịkpụzi ma mepụta nsọtụ niile nke struts ka ọ bụrụ laminate ime ụlọ n'otu oge. . .”
Isi ihe e ji ese ihe gbanwere. TUM mere nnwale na echiche dị iche iche ma gbanwee ihe ndị e ji asa ákwà iji hazie nsọtụ nke ihe ndị mejupụtara ya maka ijikọ na laminate mgbidi tankị ahụ. Ebe e si nweta foto a: "Mmepe nke usoro mmepụta maka arịa nrụgide cubic nwere ihe nkwado", Mahadum Teknụzụ nke Munich, ọrụ Polymers4Hydrogen, ECCM20, Juun 2022.
N'ihi ya, a na-agwọ laminate ahụ mgbe usoro mbụ gbagọrọ agbagọ gasịrị, a na-agbanwe ogidi ndị ahụ, TUM na-emecha mgbagọ nke abụọ nke eriri ndị ahụ, wee gwọọ laminate mgbidi tankị dị n'èzí nke ugboro abụọ. Biko mara na nke a bụ imewe tankị ụdị nke 5, nke pụtara na ọ nweghị ihe mkpuchi plastik dị ka ihe mgbochi gas. Lee mkparịta ụka na ngalaba Nzọụkwụ Na-esote n'okpuru.
“Anyị bepụrụ ihe ngosi mbụ ahụ n'ime akụkụ dị iche iche ma see map nke ebe ejikọtara ya,” ka Glace kwuru. “Nkọwa zuru ezu gosiri na anyị nwere nsogbu ụfọdụ gbasara laminate ahụ, ebe isi strut adịghị agbagọ n'elu laminate dị n'ime.”
Idozi nsogbu dị n'etiti oghere dị n'etiti laminate nke mgbidi dị n'ime na mpụta nke tankị ahụ. Isi mkpanaka taị emezigharịrị na-emepụta oghere dị n'etiti ntụgharị mbụ na nke abụọ nke tankị nnwale. Ebe e si nweta foto: Mahadum Teknụzụ nke Munich LCC.
E mechara tankị mbụ a nke dị 450 x 290 x 80mm n'oge ọkọchị gara aga. "Anyị enweela ọganihu dị ukwuu kemgbe ahụ, mana anyị ka nwere oghere dị n'etiti laminate dị n'ime na nke dị n'èzí," Glace kwuru. "Ya mere, anyị gbalịrị iji resin dị ọcha ma dị elu mejupụta oghere ndị ahụ. Nke a na-eme ka njikọ dị n'etiti studs na laminate dịkwuo mma, nke na-eme ka nrụgide igwe dịkwuo elu."
Ndị otu ahụ gara n'ihu na-emepụta nhazi na usoro tankị ahụ, gụnyere ngwọta maka usoro ịgbagharị achọrọ. "Akụkụ tankị nnwale ahụ agbagọghị agbagọ nke ọma n'ihi na ọ siri ike maka geometry a ịmepụta ụzọ ịgbagharị," Glace kọwara. "Akuku ịgbagharị mbụ anyị bụ 75°, mana anyị maara na achọrọ ọtụtụ sekit iji gboo ibu dị na arịa nrụgide a. Anyị ka na-achọ ihe ngwọta maka nsogbu a, mana ọ dịghị mfe na ngwanrọ dị ugbu a n'ahịa. Ọ nwere ike ịghọ ọrụ na-esote.
“Anyị egosila na echiche mmepụta a nwere ike ime,” ka Gleiss na-ekwu, “mana anyị kwesịrị ịrụ ọrụ karịa iji melite njikọ dị n'etiti laminate na ịkpụzi mkpanaka ndị ahụ. “Nnwale mpụga na igwe nnwale. Ị na-ewepụ oghere ndị dị na laminate ahụ ma nwalee ibu igwe nke njikọ ndị ahụ nwere ike iguzogide.”
A ga-emecha akụkụ a nke ọrụ Polymers4Hydrogen na ngwụcha afọ 2023, nke bụ mgbe Gleis nwere olileanya imecha tankị ngosipụta nke abụọ. Ihe na-adọrọ mmasị bụ na imewe taa na-eji thermoplastics siri ike nke ọma na etiti na ngwakọta thermoset na mgbidi tankị. A ga-eji usoro ngwakọta a mee ihe na tankị ngosipụta ikpeazụ? "Ee," Grace kwuru. "Ndị mmekọ anyị na ọrụ Polymers4Hydrogen na-emepụta resin epoxy na ihe ndị ọzọ mejupụtara matrix nwere ihe mgbochi hydrogen ka mma." O depụtara ndị mmekọ abụọ na-arụ ọrụ na ọrụ a, PCCL na Mahadum Tampere (Tampere, Finland).
Gleiss na ndị otu ya gbanwekwara ozi ma kparịta echiche na Jaeger gbasara ọrụ HyDDen nke abụọ site na tankị LCC conformal composite.
"Anyị ga-emepụta ụgbọ mmiri nrụgide nke nwere njikọ maka drones nyocha," ka Jaeger na-ekwu. "Nke a bụ mmekorita n'etiti ngalaba abụọ nke Ngalaba Aerospace na Geodetic nke TUM - LCC na Ngalaba Teknụzụ Helikọpta (HT). A ga-emecha ọrụ a na njedebe nke 2024 ma ugbu a anyị na-emecha ụgbọ mmiri nrụgide. imewe nke bụ usoro ikuku na ụgbọ ala. Mgbe usoro echiche mbụ a gasịrị, nzọụkwụ ọzọ bụ ime ihe nlereanya zuru ezu na amụma arụmọrụ ihe mgbochi nke usoro mgbidi."
"Echiche zuru oke bụ imepụta drone nchọpụta nke nwere sel mmanụ ọkụ na sistemụ mkpali batrị," ka ọ gara n'ihu. Ọ ga-eji batrị ahụ n'oge ibu ike dị elu (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịpụ na ịda) wee gbanwee gaa na sel mmanụ ọkụ n'oge ibu ibu dị mfe. "Ndị otu HT enweelarị drone nyocha ma gbanwee usoro powertrain ka ọ jiri batrị na sel mmanụ," Yeager kwuru. "Ha zụtakwara tankị CGH2 iji nwalee nnyefe a."
“Ndị otu m nwere ọrụ ịrụ ihe nlereanya nke tankị nrụgide nke ga-adaba, mana ọ bụghị n'ihi nsogbu nkwakọ ngwaahịa nke tankị silinda ga-emepụta,” ka ọ kọwara. “Tank dị larịị anaghị enye oke iguzogide ifufe. Ya mere, ị na-enweta arụmọrụ ụgbọ elu ka mma.” Nha tankị dị ihe dị ka 830 x 350 x 173 mm.
Tankị nke kwekọrọ na thermoplastic AFP zuru oke. Maka ọrụ HyDDen, ndị otu LCC na TUM buru ụzọ nyochaa ụzọ yiri nke Glace ji mee ihe (n'elu), mana ha gara n'ụzọ site na iji njikọta nke ọtụtụ modulu nhazi, nke ejiri AFP mee ihe gabiga ókè (n'okpuru). Ebe e si nweta foto: Mahadum Teknụzụ nke Munich LCC.
"Otu echiche yiri ụzọ Elisabeth [Gleiss] si eme ihe," ka Yager na-ekwu, "iji ihe nkwado nrụgide mee mgbidi arịa ahụ iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka ike dị elu nke ịgbagọ. Agbanyeghị, kama iji usoro ịgbagọ mee tankị ahụ, anyị na-eji AFP. Ya mere, anyị chere echiche banyere ịmepụta akụkụ dị iche nke arịa nrụgide ahụ, ebe a na-etinye racks ahụ na ya. Ụzọ a nyere m ohere ijikọ ọtụtụ n'ime modulu ndị a ejikọtara ọnụ wee tinye mkpuchi njedebe iji mechie ihe niile tupu agbagọ AFP ikpeazụ."
"Anyị na-agbalị imecha echiche dị otu a," ka ọ gara n'ihu, "ma malitekwa ịnwale nhọrọ nke ihe, nke dị oke mkpa iji hụ na ọ dị mkpa iguzogide ntinye gas H2. Maka nke a, anyị na-ejikarị ihe thermoplastic eme ihe ma na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche otu ihe ahụ ga-esi metụta omume na nhazi a na igwe AFP. Ọ dị mkpa ịghọta ma ọgwụgwọ ahụ ga-enwe mmetụta na ma ọ bụrụ na achọrọ nhazi ọ bụla mgbe emechara ya. Anyị chọkwara ịma ma ọ bụrụ na nchịkọta dị iche iche ga-emetụta ntinye hydrogen site na arịa nrụgide."
A ga-eji thermoplastic mee tankị ahụ kpamkpam, Teijin Carbon Europe GmbH (Wuppertal, Germany) ga-enyekwa mpempe akwụkwọ ndị ahụ. "Anyị ga-eji ihe PPS [polyphenylene sulfide], PEEK [polyether ketone] na LM PAEK [polyaryl ketone] ha," ka Yager kwuru. "A na-eme ntụnyere iji hụ nke kacha mma maka nchekwa ịbanye na imepụta akụkụ nwere arụmọrụ ka mma." Ọ na-atụ anya imecha nnwale, nhazi na nhazi na ngosipụta mbụ n'ime afọ na-abịa.
A rụrụ ọrụ nyocha a n'ime modulu COMET "Polymers4Hydrogen" (ID 21647053) n'ime mmemme COMET nke Ministry Federal for Climate Change, Environment, Energy, Mobility, Innovation and Technology na Federal Ministry for Digital Technology and Economics. . Ndị edemede ahụ na-ekele ndị mmekọ sonyere na Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH (PCCL, Austria), Montanuniversitaet Leoben (Faculty of Polymer Engineering and Science, Department of Chemistry of Polymer Materials, Department of Materials Science and Polymer Testing), University of Tampere (Faculty of Engineering Materials). ) Science), Peak Technology na Faurecia tinyere aka na ọrụ nyocha a. COMET-Modul bụ gọọmentị Austria na gọọmentị steeti Styria na-akwado.
Mpempe akwụkwọ ndị e ji aka sie ike maka ihe owuwu ndị na-ebu ibu nwere eriri na-aga n'ihu - ọ bụghị naanị site na iko, kamakwa site na carbon na aramid.
E nwere ọtụtụ ụzọ isi mee akụkụ ndị mejupụtara ya. Ya mere, nhọrọ nke usoro maka otu akụkụ ga-adabere na ihe e ji mee ya, nhazi nke akụkụ ahụ, na ojiji ma ọ bụ itinye ya n'ọrụ. Lee ntuziaka nhọrọ.
Shocker Composites na R&M International na-emepụta usoro nnyefe eriri carbon nke a na-emegharị emegharị nke na-enye enweghị ogbugbu, ọnụ ahịa dị ala karịa eriri virgin ma ga-emesịa nye ogologo nke na-aga n'ihu na ihe owuwu.
Oge ozi: Maachị-15-2023