Ụgbọ mmiri dị larịị maka BEV na FCEV na-eji thermoplastic na thermoset composites nwere ihe owuwu ọkpụkpụ nke na-enye 25% nchekwa H2 ọzọ. #hydrogen #trends
Mgbe mmekorita ya na BMW gosipụtara na tank cubic nwere ike ịnapụta arụmọrụ volumetric dị elu karịa ọtụtụ obere cylinders, Mahadum nka na ụzụ nke Munich malitere ọrụ iji mepụta usoro ihe mejupụtara ya na usoro nrụpụta ihe na-enweghị atụ maka mmepụta ihe. Ebe E Si Nweta Foto: TU Dresden (n'elu) aka ekpe), Mahadum nka nke Munich, Ngalaba Carbon Composites (LCC)
Ụgbọ ala eletrik eletrik (FCEVs) nke hydrogen na-ekupụta efu (H2) na-enye ụzọ ọzọ iji nweta ebumnuche gburugburu efu efu. Ụgbọ ala mmanụ ụgbọala nwere engine H2 nwere ike ijupụta n'ime nkeji 5-7 ma nwee ihe dị ka kilomita 500, ma ugbu a dị ọnụ karịa n'ihi obere mmepụta ihe. Otu ụzọ isi belata ọnụ ahịa bụ iji usoro ọkọlọtọ maka ụdị BEV na FCEV. Nke a agaghị ekwe omume ugbu a n'ihi na ụdị tankị cylindrical 4 ejiri na-echekwa H2 gas (CGH2) abịakọrọ na 700 mmanya na FCEV adịghị mma maka akụkụ batrị dị n'okpuru anụ ahụ nke ejiri nlezianya mee maka ụgbọ ala eletrik. Otú ọ dị, arịa nrụgide n'ụdị ohiri isi na cubes nwere ike ịbanye n'ime oghere nkwakọ ngwaahịa dị larịị.
Patent US5577630A maka "Composite Conformal Pressure Vessel", ngwa nke Thiokol Corp gbara akwụkwọ na 1995 (n'aka ekpe) na ụgbọ nrụgide akụkụ anọ nke BMW nyere ikike na 2009 (n'aka nri).
Ngalaba nke Carbon Composites (LCC) nke Technical University of Munich (TUM, Munich, Germany) na-etinye aka na ọrụ abụọ iji zụlite echiche a. Nke mbụ bụ Polymers4Hydrogen (P4H), nke Leoben Polymer Competence Center (PCCL, Leoben, Austria) na-edu. Onye otu Elizabeth Glace na-eduzi ngwugwu ọrụ LCC.
Ọrụ nke abụọ bụ Ngosipụta Hydrogen na Development Environment (HyDDen), ebe onye nyocha Christian Jaeger na-edu LCC. Ha abụọ bu n'obi ịmepụta ngosipụta dị ukwuu nke usoro mmepụta ihe maka ịmepụta tankị CGH2 kwesịrị ekwesị site na iji ihe mejupụtara carbon fiber.
Enwere oke arụmọrụ volumetric mgbe etinyere obere cylinders dayameta n'ime sel batrị dị larịị (n'aka ekpe) yana arịa nrụgide ụdị cubic 2 nke ejiri nchara nchara na eriri carbon/exy composite mpụta shei (n'aka nri). Isi Iyi Ihe onyonyo: Ihe onyonyo 3 na 6 sitere na “Numerical Design Approach for Type II Pressure Box Vessel with Internal Tension Legs” nke Ruf na Zaremba et al.
P4H arụpụtala tankị cube nnwale nke na-eji okpomoku thermoplastic nwere eriri / struts mejupụtara kechie na carbon fiber epoxy mesiri ike. HyDDen ga-eji ụdị nhazi ahụ, mana ọ ga-eji eriri akpaaka akpaaka (AFP) rụpụta tankị ngwakọta thermoplastic niile.
Site na ngwa patent nke Thiokol Corp. gaa na "Composite Conformal Pressure Vessel" na 1995 na German Patent DE19749950C2 na 1997, ụgbọ mmiri gas na-agbanye "nwere ike ịnwe nhazi geometric ọ bụla", ma karịsịa ọdịdị dị larịị na nke na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe, n'ime oghere jikọtara na nkwado shei. A na-eji ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe ka ha wee nwee ike iguzogide ike nke mgbasawanye nke gas.
A 2006 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) akwụkwọ na-akọwa ụzọ atọ: a filament ọnya conformal mgbali arịa, a microlattice mgbali arịa nwere n'ime orthorhombic lattice Ọdịdị (obere sel nke 2 cm ma ọ bụ ihe na-erughị), gbara ya gburugburu a mkpa-mgbidi H2 akpa, na a replicator akpa, nke nwere mgbanaka nke esịtidem mejupụtara (dịka ọmụmaatụ, nke nwere obere akụkụ nke plastik). mkpa mpụta shei akpụkpọ. Akpa oyiri kacha mma maka nnukwu akpa ebe usoro ọdịnala nwere ike isi ike itinye.
Patent DE102009057170A nke Volkswagen gbara akwụkwọ na 2009 na-akọwa ụgbọ nrụgide na-ebunye ụgbọ nke ga-enye arụmọrụ dị elu ma na-emeziwanye ojiji oghere. Tankị akụkụ anọ na-eji njikọ erughị ala n'etiti akụkụ anọ na-eche ihu mgbidi, akụkụ ya na-agbakwa gburugburu.
Echiche ndị a dị n'elu na ndị ọzọ bụ Gleiss zoro aka na ya n'akwụkwọ "Process Development for Cubic Pressure Vessels with Stretch Bars" nke Gleiss et al. na ECCM20 (June 26-30, 2022, Lausanne, Switzerland). N'isiokwu a, ọ na-ehota a TUM nnyocha e bipụtara Michael Roof na Sven Zaremba, nke chọpụtara na a cubic mgbali struts na esemokwu struts njikọ akụkụ anọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma karịa ọtụtụ obere cylinders nke dabara n'ime oghere nke a larịị batrị, na-enye ihe dị ka 25% ọzọ. ohere nchekwa.
Dị ka Gleiss si kwuo, nsogbu dị n'itinye ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke obere ụdị 4 cylinders n'ime igbe dị larịị bụ na "olu dị n'etiti cylinders na-ebelata nke ukwuu na usoro ahụ nwekwara nnukwu ikuku H2 gas permeation elu. N'ozuzu, usoro ahụ na-enye obere ikike nchekwa karịa ite cubic."
Otú ọ dị, enwere nsogbu ndị ọzọ na nhazi cubic nke tank. Gleiss kwuru, "N'ụzọ doro anya, n'ihi gas na-agbakọ, ị ga-emerịrị ike na-ehulata na mgbidi dị larịị," Gleiss kwuru. "N'ihi na nke a, ị chọrọ a wusiri ike Ọdịdị nke na-ejikọta n'ime ime na mgbidi nke tank, ma nke ahụ siri ike ime na composites."
Glace na ndị otu ya nwara itinye ihe ndọghachi azụ n'ime ụgbọ mmiri ahụ n'ụzọ ga-adabara usoro ikuku filament. "Nke a dị mkpa maka mmepụta oke dị elu," ka ọ na-akọwa, "na-enyekwa anyị ohere ịmepụta usoro ikuku nke mgbidi akpa iji kwalite nhazi eriri maka ibu ọ bụla dị na mpaghara ahụ."
Nzọụkwụ anọ iji mee tankị mejupụtara cubic nnwale maka ọrụ P4H. Ebe E Si Nweta Foto: "Mmepe usoro mmepụta maka ụgbọ mmiri nrụgide cubic nwere ihe nkwado", Mahadum nka na ụzụ nke Munich, Polymers4Hydrogen Project, ECCM20, June 2022.
Iji nweta on-agbụ, otu ahụ ewepụtala echiche ọhụrụ nke nwere isi nzọụkwụ anọ, dị ka egosiri n'elu. The erughị ala struts, gosiri na nwa na nzọụkwụ, bụ a prefabricated etiti Ọdịdị emepụtara iji ụzọ e si Mai Skelett oru ngo. Maka oru ngo a, BMW weputara “framework” windshield site na iji mkpanaka pultrusion anọ na-eme ka fiber sie ike, bụ nke a na-akpụzi ya ka ọ bụrụ etiti rọba.
Eku nke tankị cubic nnwale. Akụkụ skeletal hexagonal 3D nke TUM bipụtara site na iji filament PLA na-akwadoghị (n'elu), na-etinye mkpanaka CF/PA6 pultrusion dị ka ihe nkwado mgbakasị ahụ (n'etiti) wee kechie filament gburugburu ihe nkwado (n'okpuru). Ebe E Si Nweta Foto: Mahadum nka nke Munich LCC.
"Echiche ahụ bụ na ị nwere ike wuo etiti nke tankị cubic dị ka usoro modular," Glace kwuru. "Ndị a modul na-ahụ enịm ke a ịkpụzi ngwá ọrụ, na erughị ala struts na-enịm ke etiti modul, na mgbe Mai Skelett si usoro na-eji gburugburu struts iwekota ha na etiti akụkụ." usoro mmepụta uka, na-ebute ihe owuwu nke a na-eji eme ihe dị ka mandrel ma ọ bụ isi iji kechie tankị nchekwa ihe mejupụtara shei.
TUM haziri etiti tank ahụ dị ka “kushion” cubic nwere akụkụ siri ike, akụkụ gbara okirikiri na ụkpụrụ hexagonal n'elu na ala nke enwere ike itinye njikọ na ntinye. Ebikwara oghere maka racks ndị a 3D. "Maka tankị nnwale mbụ anyị, anyị 3D bipụta akụkụ hexagonal frame site na iji polylactic acid [PLA, thermoplastic bio-based] n'ihi na ọ dị mfe ma dị ọnụ ala," Glace kwuru.
Ndị otu ahụ zụtara eriri carbon 68 pultruded siri ike polyamide 6 (PA6) mkpanaka sitere na SGL Carbon (Meitingen, Germany) maka ojiji dị ka njikọ. Gleiss na-ekwu, sị: “Iji nwalee echiche ahụ, anyị emeghị ihe ọ bụla akpụzi, kama na-etinye oghere n'ime 3D e biri ebi mmanụ aṅụ gluo ma nyagide ha na epoxy gluu. Ọ na-ekwu na ọ bụ ezie na mkpanaka ndị a na-adịtụ mfe ikuku, e nwere ụfọdụ nnukwu nsogbu ndị a ga-akọwa ma emechaa.
Gleiss kọwara, "N'oge mbụ, ebumnuche anyị bụ igosipụta nrụpụta nrụpụta nke imewe ma chọpụta nsogbu dị na echiche mmepụta." "Ya mere, esemokwu struts protrude si n'elu elu nke skeletal Ọdịdị, na anyị na-etinye carbon fibers na nke a isi iji wet filament winding. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, na nke atọ nzọụkwụ, anyị na-ehulata isi nke ọ bụla tie mkpara. Thermoplastic, otú anyị dị nnọọ na-eji okpomọkụ reshape isi nke mere na ọ flattens na igbachi n'ime mbụ oyi akwa nke wrapping. Anyị na-mgbe ahụ na-aga n'ihu na ihe owuwu nke ewepụghị. n'ime tankị laminate na mgbidi.
Okpu oghere maka ikuku. TUM na-eji okpu rọba na nsọtụ nke mkpara ahụ erughị ala iji gbochie eriri ndị ahụ ịgbagha n'oge ikuku filament. Ebe E Si Nweta Foto: Mahadum nka nke Munich LCC.
Glace kwughachiri na tank mbụ a bụ ihe akaebe nke echiche. "Ojiji nke mbipụta 3D na gluu bụ naanị maka nyocha mbụ wee nye anyị echiche nke ụfọdụ nsogbu ndị anyị zutere. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'oge ikuku, a na-ejide filaments site na njedebe nke mkpara esemokwu ahụ, na-eme ka eriri eriri, mmebi eriri, na ibelata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke eriri iji gbochie nke a. ma kpụzie nsọtụ okporo osisi ndị ahụ tupu e kechie ya ikpeazụ.”
Ndị otu ahụ nwalere ọnọdụ nrụgharị dị iche iche. “Ndị na-ele anya gburugburu na-arụ ọrụ kacha mma,” ka Grace na-ekwu. "Ọzọkwa, n'oge usoro prototyping, anyị na-eji ngwá ọrụ ịgbado ọkụ gbanwetụrụ iji tinye okpomọkụ ma mezie njedebe nke eriri ogologo. N'ime echiche mmepụta ihe, ị ga-enwe otu ngwá ọrụ buru ibu nke nwere ike ịmepụta na ịmepụta njedebe niile nke struts n'ime ime imecha laminate n'otu oge. . "
Akpụgharịrị isi ihe osise. TUM nwalere echiche dị iche iche wee gbanwee welds iji kwado nsọtụ nke njikọ ngwakọta maka ijikọ na laminate mgbidi tank. Ebe E Si Nweta Foto: "Mmepe usoro mmepụta maka ụgbọ mmiri nrụgide cubic nwere ihe nkwado", Mahadum nka na ụzụ nke Munich, Polymers4Hydrogen Project, ECCM20, June 2022.
N'ihi ya, a na-agwọta laminate mgbe nzọụkwụ mbụ nke ikuku gasịrị, a na-emegharị posts ndị ahụ, TUM na-emecha ikuku nke abụọ nke filaments, mgbe ahụ, a na-agwọ laminate mgbidi dị n'èzí nke ugboro abụọ. Biko mara na nke a bụ ụdị nhazi tankị 5, nke pụtara na ọ nweghị eriri plastik dị ka ihe mgbochi gas. Lee mkparịta ụka ahụ na ngalaba Nzọụkwụ Na-esote n'okpuru.
Glace kwuru, "Anyị wepụrụ ngosi ngosi mbụ n'ime akụkụ obe wee depụta mpaghara ejikọrọ." "Mkpebi dị nso na-egosi na anyị nwere ụfọdụ okwu dị mma na laminate ahụ, na isi strut adịghị adaba na laminate ime."
Na-edozi nsogbu na oghere dị n'etiti laminate nke ime na mgbidi nke tank. Isi mkpara tie a gbanwere na-emepụta oghere n'etiti ntụgharị nke mbụ na nke abụọ nke tankị nnwale. Ebe E Si Nweta Foto: Mahadum nka nke Munich LCC.
Nke mbụ a 450 x 290 x 80mm tank agwụla n'oge okpomọkụ gara aga. Glace kwuru, "Anyị enweela ọganihu dị ukwuu kemgbe ahụ, mana anyị ka nwere oghere n'etiti laminate ime na mpụta." "Ya mere, anyị gbalịrị iji resin dị ọcha na viscosity dị elu mejupụta oghere ndị ahụ. Nke a na-eme ka njikọ dị n'etiti studs na laminate dịkwuo mma, nke na-eme ka nrụgide ahụ dịkwuo ukwuu."
Ndị otu ahụ gara n'ihu na-emepụta nhazi na usoro tankị, gụnyere ngwọta maka usoro ikuku chọrọ. "Akụkọghị akụkụ nke tankị nnwale ahụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu n'ihi na ọ na-esiri ike geometry a ịmepụta ụzọ ikuku," Glace kọwara. "Oghere ikuku mbụ anyị bụ 75 °, ma anyị maara na a chọrọ ọtụtụ sekit iji gboo ibu dị na arịa nrụgide a. Anyị ka na-achọ ngwọta maka nsogbu a, ma ọ dịghị mfe na ngwanrọ ugbu a dị n'ahịa. Ọ nwere ike ịghọ ọrụ na-esote.
Gleiss na-ekwu, "Anyị egosipụtala ike nke mmepụta ihe a, mana anyị kwesịrị ịrụ ọrụ n'ihu iji meziwanye njikọ dị n'etiti laminate na imegharị eriri eriri." Nnwale mpụga na igwe nyocha. Ị na-ewepụ oghere ndị ahụ na laminate ma nwalee ibu ọrụ nke nkwonkwo ndị ahụ nwere ike idi."
A ga-arụcha akụkụ a nke ọrụ Polymers4Hydrogen na njedebe nke 2023, nke Gleis na-atụ anya imecha tankị ngosi nke abụọ. N'ụzọ na-akpali mmasị, ndị na-emepụta taa na-eji thermoplastics emesiri ike na etiti na ihe mejupụtara thermoset na mgbidi tank. A ga-eji usoro ngwakọ a mee ihe na tank ikpeazụ ikpeazụ? “Ee,” Grace kwuru. "Ndị mmekọ anyị na oru ngo Polymers4Hydrogen na-emepụta epoxy resins na ihe ndị ọzọ mejupụtara matrix nwere ihe mgbochi hydrogen ka mma." Ọ depụtara ndị mmekọ abụọ na-arụ ọrụ a, PCCL na Mahadum Tampere (Tampere, Finland).
Gleiss na ndị otu ya gbanwere ozi wee soro Jaeger kparịtara echiche na ọrụ HyDDen nke abụọ sitere na tankị conformal composite LCC.
Jaeger na-ekwu, "Anyị ga-emepụta ụgbọ mmiri nrụgide na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ maka drones nyocha." "Nke a bụ mmekorita dị n'etiti ngalaba abụọ nke Aerospace na Geodetic Department of TUM - LCC na Department of Helicopter Technology (HT). A ga-arụcha ọrụ ahụ site na njedebe nke 2024 na anyị na-emecha ugbu a nrụgide ụgbọ mmiri ahụ.
"Echiche ahụ dum bụ ịmepụta drone nke na-eme nchọpụta nke nwere igwe mmanụ ọkụ na ngwa ngwa batrị," ka ọ gara n'ihu. Ọ ga-eji batrị n'oge ibu ike dị elu (ya bụ mgbapụ na ọdịda) wee gbanwee gaa na cell mmanụ ọkụ n'oge ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri. Yeager kwuru, "Ndị otu HT enweelarị drone nyocha ma megharịa powertrain iji jiri batrị abụọ na mmanụ mmanụ," Yeager kwuru. "Ha zụtakwara tankị CGH2 iji nwalee nnyefe a."
Ọ na-akọwa, "Enyere ndị otu m ọrụ ịrụ ụdị ụgbọ mmiri nrụgide nke ga-adabara, mana ọ bụghị n'ihi okwu nkwakọ ngwaahịa nke tankị cylindrical ga-emepụta," ka ọ na-akọwa. "Otu tankị dị larịị adịghị enye oke ikuku na-eguzogide, yabụ ị ga-enweta ọrụ ụgbọ elu ka mma." Akụkụ tankị ihe ruru. 830 x 350 x 173 mm.
Igwe mmiri na-akwado nke AFP zuru oke. Maka ọrụ HyDDen, ndị otu LCC na TUM na-enyocha ụzọ yiri nke ahụ nke Glace na-eji (n'elu), ma mesịa gaa n'ihu site na iji ngwakọta nke ọtụtụ modul nhazi, bụ nke ejiri AFP (n'okpuru ebe a). Ebe E Si Nweta Foto: Mahadum nka nke Munich LCC.
"Otu echiche yiri ụzọ Elisabeth [Gleiss]," Yager na-ekwu, "itinye mgbakasị ahụ ike na mgbidi arịa ahụ iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka ike na-ehulata elu. Otú ọ dị, kama iji usoro ikuku na-eme ka tank ahụ, anyị na-eji AFP. Ya mere, anyị chere echiche banyere ịmepụta akụkụ dị iche iche nke ụgbọ mmiri nrụgide, nke racks na-ejikọtalarị. Ụzọ a nyere m ohere ijikọta ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị a na-eme ka ikuku na-eme ka ọ bụrụ njedebe ikpeazụ.
"Anyị na-agbalị ịmecha echiche dị otú ahụ," ka ọ gara n'ihu, "ma malitekwa ịnwale nhọrọ nke ihe, nke dị ezigbo mkpa iji hụ na nguzogide dị mkpa maka ntinye gas H2. Maka nke a, anyị na-ejikarị ihe thermoplastic eme ihe ma na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche otú ihe ahụ ga-esi emetụta àgwà permeation a na nhazi na igwe AFP. Ọ dị mkpa ịghọta ma ọ bụrụ na ọgwụgwọ ahụ ga-enwe mmetụta ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụla post-processing ga-emetụtakwa dị iche iche site na hydrogen arịa.
A ga-eji thermoplastic mee tank ahụ kpamkpam, Teijin Carbon Europe GmbH (Wuppertal, Germany) ga-eweta ya. Yager kwuru, "Anyị ga-eji PPS ha [polyphenylene sulfide], PEEK [polyether ketone] na LM PAEK (obere agbaze polyaryl ketone) ihe. "A na-emekwa ntụnyere iji hụ nke kacha mma maka nchebe ịbanye na imepụta akụkụ nwere arụmọrụ ka mma." Ọ na-atụ anya imecha ule, nhazi na nhazi nhazi na ihe ngosi mbụ n'ime afọ na-esote.
Emere ọrụ nyocha n'ime COMET modul "Polymers4Hydrogen" (ID 21647053) n'ime mmemme COMET nke Federal Ministry for Climate Change, Environment, Energy, Mobility, Innovation and Technology na Federal Ministry for Digital Technology and Economics. . Ndị ode akwụkwọ na-ekele ndị mmekọ na-esonye Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH (PCCL, Austria), Montanuniversitaet Leoben (Faculty of Polymer Engineering and Science, Department of Chemistry of Polymer Materials, Department of Materials Science and Polymer Testing), University of Tampere (Faculty of Engineering Materials). ) Science), Peak Technology na Faurecia nyere aka n'ọrụ nyocha a. COMET-Modul bụ gọọmentị Austria na gọọmentị steeti Styria na-akwado ya.
Mpempe akwụkwọ agbagoro agbagoro maka ihe owuwu na-ebu ibu nwere eriri na-aga n'ihu - ọ bụghị naanị site na iko, kamakwa site na carbon na aramid.
Enwere ọtụtụ ụzọ isi mee akụkụ ndị mejupụtara. Ya mere, nhọrọ nke usoro maka otu akụkụ ga-adabere na ihe onwunwe, nhazi nke akụkụ ahụ, na njedebe njedebe ma ọ bụ ngwa. Nke a bụ ntuziaka nhọrọ.
Shocker Composites na R&M International na-etolite a recycled carbon fiber ọkọnọ yinye nke na-enye efu igbummadu, dị ala karịa eriri na-amaghị nwoke na ga-emecha na-enye ogologo na-eru nso eriri na-aga n'ihu na structural Njirimara.
Oge nzipu: Mar-15-2023