Ibigega bisanzwe bya platifike ya BEV na FCEVs bikoresha thermoplastique hamwe na thermoset yibikoresho hamwe na skeleton yubatswe itanga 25% yububiko bwa H2. #hidrogen #yerekezo
Nyuma yo gukorana na BMW yerekanaga ko ikigega cya cubic gishobora gutanga ingufu zingana cyane kuruta silindiri ntoya, kaminuza ya tekinike ya Munich yatangije umushinga wo guteza imbere imiterere ihuriweho hamwe nuburyo bunini bwo gukora ibicuruzwa bikurikirana. Inguzanyo y'ishusho: TU Dresden (hejuru) ibumoso), kaminuza ya tekinike ya Munich, ishami rya karubone (LCC)
Ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi (FCEVs) bikoreshwa na hydrogène zeru (H2) bitanga ubundi buryo bwo kugera ku ntego z’ibidukikije zeru. Imodoka itwara abagenzi ya lisansi ifite moteri ya H2 irashobora kuzuzwa muminota 5-7 kandi ifite intera ya kilometero 500, ariko kuri ubu ihenze cyane kubera umusaruro muke. Uburyo bumwe bwo kugabanya ibiciro ni ugukoresha urubuga rusanzwe rwa moderi ya BEV na FCEV. Kugeza ubu ntibishoboka kuko ibigega byo mu bwoko bwa 4 bya silindrike bikoreshwa mu kubika gaze ya H2 (CGH2) yometse kuri 700 bar muri FCEVs ntibikwiriye kubice bya batiri munsi yabigenewe neza kubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi. Nyamara, imiyoboro yumuvuduko muburyo bw umusego na cubes irashobora guhura nu mwanya wo gupakira.
Patent US5577630A ya "Composite Conformal Pressure Vessel", gusaba byatanzwe na Thiokol Corp. mu 1995 (ibumoso) hamwe nubwato bwumuvuduko wurukiramende bwatanzwe na BMW muri 2009 (iburyo).
Ishami rya Carbone Composite (LCC) rya kaminuza ya tekinike ya Munich (TUM, Munich, Ubudage) rifite uruhare mu mishinga ibiri yo guteza imbere iki gitekerezo. Iya mbere ni Polymers4Hydrogen (P4H), iyobowe na Leoben Polymer Competence Centre (PCCL, Leoben, Otirishiya). Porogaramu y'akazi ya LCC iyobowe na Mugenzi Elizabeth Glace.
Umushinga wa kabiri ni Hydrogen Demonstration and Development Environment (HyDDen), aho LCC iyobowe numushakashatsi Christian Jaeger. Byombi bigamije gukora icyerekezo kinini cyerekana uburyo bwo gukora uruganda rukora tank ya CGH2 ikoresheje fibre fibre.
Hariho ubushobozi buke buke iyo silinderi ntoya ya diameter yashyizwe muri selile ya batiri iringaniye (ibumoso) hamwe na cubic ubwoko bwa 2 bwumuvuduko wakozwe mubyuma byuma na karuboni fibre / epoxy composite yo hanze (iburyo). Inkomoko y'Ishusho: Igishushanyo cya 3 n'icya 6 biva kuri "Uburyo bwo Kubara Kuburyo bwa II Ubwoko bw'Isanduku y'Ibikoresho Vessel ifite amaguru y'imbere" byanditswe na Ruf na Zaremba n'abandi.
P4H yahimbye ikigega cya cube cyigeragezwa gikoresha ikariso ya termoplastique hamwe nuduce twinshi twa tension / imirongo ipfunyitse muri karuboni fibre ikomezwa na epoxy. HyDDen izakoresha igishushanyo gisa nacyo, ariko izakoresha fibre fibre yikora (AFP) kugirango ikore ibigega byose bya termoplastique.
Kuva mu ipatanti yakozwe na Thiokol Corp. kugeza kuri “Composite Conformal Pressure Vessel” mu 1995 kugeza mu Budage Patent DE19749950C2 mu 1997, ubwato bwa gaze bwacometse “bushobora kuba bufite imiterere ya geometrike”, ariko cyane cyane imiterere iringaniye kandi idasanzwe, mu mwobo uhujwe n'inkunga y'ibishishwa. ibintu bikoreshwa kugirango bishobore kwihanganira imbaraga zo kwagura gaze.
Impapuro zo muri 2006 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) zisobanura uburyo butatu: icyuma gikomeretsa cyumuvuduko wumuvuduko, icyuma cyumuvuduko wa microlattice kirimo imiterere yimbere ya orthorhombic (selile nto za cm 2 cyangwa munsi yacyo), kizengurutswe na kontineri ya H2 ifite uruzitiro ruto, rugizwe nuruvange rwimbere rugizwe nibice bito bya plastike. Ibikoresho byigana bikwiranye nibikoresho binini aho uburyo gakondo bushobora kugorana kubukoresha.
Patent DE102009057170A yatanzwe na Volkswagen mumwaka wa 2009 isobanura ubwato bwumuvuduko wimodoka uzatanga uburemere buke mugihe uzamura imikoreshereze yumwanya. Ibigega by'urukiramende bifashisha guhuza hagati y'urukuta rw'urukiramende rutandukanye, kandi impande zegeranye.
Ibyavuzwe haruguru hamwe n’ibindi bitekerezo byavuzwe na Gleiss mu mpapuro “Gutezimbere Gutunganya Amazi ya Cubic Pressure Vessels hamwe na Stretch Bars” na Gleiss n'abandi. kuri ECCM20 (26-30 Kamena 2022, Lausanne, Ubusuwisi). Muri iki kiganiro, avuga ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na TUM bwashyizwe ahagaragara na Michael Roof na Sven Zaremba, bwagaragaje ko icyombo cy’umuvuduko wa cubic gifite imirongo ihangayikishije ihuza impande enye z’urukiramende gikora neza kurusha silindiri ntoya ihuye n'umwanya wa bateri iringaniye, itanga hafi 25%. umwanya wo kubika.
Nk’uko Gleiss abitangaza ngo ikibazo cyo gushyira umubare munini wa silindiri ntoya yo mu bwoko bwa 4 mu rubanza ruringaniye ni uko "ingano iri hagati ya silinderi yagabanutse cyane kandi sisitemu ifite n'ubuso bunini cyane bwa H2 bwinjira. Muri rusange, sisitemu itanga ubushobozi buke bwo kubika kuruta amajerekani ya cubic."
Ariko, hariho ibindi bibazo bijyanye nigishushanyo mbonera cya tank. Gleiss yagize ati: "Biragaragara ko, kubera gaze ifunze, ugomba kurwanya imbaraga zunama ku rukuta ruringaniye." Ati: "Kuri ibi, ukeneye inyubako ishimangira ihuza imbere n'inkuta za tank. Ariko ibyo biragoye kubikora hamwe."
Glace hamwe nitsinda rye bagerageje kwinjiza utubari twongera imbaraga mu bwato bwumuvuduko muburyo bukwiranye nuburyo bwo guhinduranya filime. Asobanura agira ati: “Ibi ni ingenzi cyane ku musaruro mwinshi, kandi binadufasha gukora igishushanyo mbonera cy'urukuta rwa kontineri kugira ngo duhindure icyerekezo cya fibre kuri buri mutwaro muri zone.”
Intambwe enye zo gukora ikigeragezo cubic compte yumushinga P4H. Inguzanyo y'ishusho: “Gutezimbere uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro ibyombo byumuvuduko ukabije”, kaminuza ya tekinike ya Munich, umushinga wa Polymers4Hydrogen, ECCM20, Kamena 2022.
Kugirango ugere kumurongo, itsinda ryateguye igitekerezo gishya kigizwe nintambwe enye zingenzi, nkuko bigaragara hejuru. Imyitozo ya tension, yerekanwe mwirabura ku ntambwe, ni ikadiri yakozwe mbere yakozwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwakuwe mu mushinga wa MAI Skelett. Kuri uyu mushinga, BMW yashyizeho ikirahure cyikirahure "framework" ikoresheje inkoni enye zishimangira fibre pultrusion, hanyuma ikabumbabumbwa muburyo bwa plastiki.
Ikadiri yikigereranyo cyikigeragezo. Ibice bya skeletale ya Hexagonal 3D yacapishijwe na TUM ukoresheje filime ya PLA idashyizwemo imbaraga (hejuru), winjizamo inkoni ya pultrusion ya CF / PA6 nk'imigozi ya tension (hagati) hanyuma ugapfundikiza filamenti mumutwe (hepfo). Inguzanyo y'ishusho: Kaminuza Tekinike ya Munich LCC.
Glace yagize ati: "Igitekerezo ni uko ushobora kubaka ikaramu ya cubic nk'imiterere ya modular." Ati: "Izi module noneho zishyirwa mubikoresho byabumbabumbwe, imirongo ya tension ishyirwa mubice, hanyuma uburyo bwa MAI Skelett bukoreshwa hafi yimigozi kugirango buhuze nibice bigize ikadiri." uburyo bwinshi bwo kubyaza umusaruro, bivamo imiterere noneho ikoreshwa nka mandel cyangwa intangiriro yo gupfunyika ikigega cyo kubika ibishishwa.
TUM yateguye ikaramu yikigega nka cubic "cushion" ifite impande zikomeye, inguni zegeranye hamwe nishusho ya mpande esheshatu hejuru no hepfo unyuzamo imigozi. Imyobo yibi bikoresho nayo yacapishijwe 3D. Glace yagize ati: "Ku kigega cyacu cya mbere cy'igeragezwa, twacapye 3D ibice bigize ibice bitandatu dukoresheje aside polylactique [PLA, thermoplastique bio-ishingiye kuri bio] kuko byari byoroshye kandi bihendutse."
Iri tsinda ryaguze fibre 68 ya karuboni fibre yongerewe imbaraga za polyamide 6 (PA6) muri SGL Carbon (Meitingen, Ubudage) kugirango ikoreshwe. Gleiss agira ati: “Kugira ngo tugerageze icyo gitekerezo, nta kintu na kimwe twigeze dukora, ariko twinjije icyogajuru mu kirere cy’ibimamara cyacapishijwe 3D cyanditswemo kandi kibihambiraho kole. Yavuze ko nubwo izo nkoni zoroha cyane ku muyaga, hari ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bizasobanurwa nyuma.
Gleiss yabisobanuye agira ati: “Ku cyiciro cya mbere, intego yacu yari iyo kwerekana umusaruro w'igishushanyo no kumenya ibibazo biri mu musaruro.” "Ubwo rero impagarara ziva hejuru yinyuma yububiko bwa skeletale, kandi duhuza fibre ya karubone kuriyi ntoki dukoresheje filament itose. Nyuma yibyo, mu ntambwe ya gatatu, twunamye umutwe wa buri nkoni ya karavati. kumurika kurukuta.
Umwanya wa spacer kugirango uhindurwe. TUM ikoresha imipira ya pulasitike kumpera yinkoni ya tension kugirango irinde fibre kunyeganyega mugihe cyo kuzunguruka. Inguzanyo y'ishusho: Kaminuza Tekinike ya Munich LCC.
Glace yongeye gushimangira ko iki kigega cya mbere cyari gihamya. "Gukoresha icapiro rya 3D hamwe na kole byari ibyo kwipimisha gusa kandi biduha igitekerezo cyibibazo bimwe na bimwe twahuye nabyo. Urugero, mugihe cyo guhinduranya, filaments zafashwe nu musozo winkoni zitera impagarara, bigatuma fibre yameneka, kwangirika kwa fibre, no kugabanya ingano ya fibre kugirango duhangane nibi. Twakoresheje imipira mike ya pulasitike nkibikoresho byo gukora byashyizwe ku nkingi mbere yo gukandagira intambwe. y'ibiti mbere yo gupfunyika bwa nyuma. ”
Itsinda ryagerageje ibintu bitandukanye byo kwiyubaka. Grace agira ati: “Abareba hirya no hino bakora neza. Ati: "Na none, mu cyiciro cya prototyping, twakoresheje igikoresho cyo gusudira cyahinduwe kugirango dushyireho ubushyuhe kandi dusubiremo inkoni ya karuvati. Mu gitekerezo cy’umusaruro rusange, wagira igikoresho kinini kinini gishobora gushushanya no gukora impera zose z’imigozi kugira ngo kirangire imbere icyarimwe."
Imitwe yo gushushanya yahinduwe. TUM yagerageje kumyumvire itandukanye hanyuma ihindura abasudira kugirango bahuze impera zumubano uhuriweho kugirango uhuze urukuta rwa tank laminate. Inguzanyo y'ishusho: “Gutezimbere uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro ibyombo byumuvuduko ukabije”, kaminuza ya tekinike ya Munich, umushinga wa Polymers4Hydrogen, ECCM20, Kamena 2022.
Rero, laminate irakira nyuma yintambwe yambere yo kuzunguruka, imyanya irahindurwa, TUM irangiza kuzunguruka kwa kabiri ya filaments, hanyuma urukuta rwinyuma rwa laminate rukira ubugira kabiri. Nyamuneka menya ko ubu ari ubwoko bwa 5 igishushanyo mbonera, bivuze ko kidafite umurongo wa plastike nka bariyeri ya gaze. Reba ikiganiro mu gice gikurikira.
Glace yagize ati: "Twagabanije demo ya mbere mu bice byambukiranya kandi dushushanya agace gahujwe." Ati: “Umwegereye urerekana ko twagize ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bifite ireme na laminate, imitwe ya strut ntabwo irambitse kuri laminate y'imbere.”
Gukemura ibibazo hamwe nu cyuho kiri hagati ya laminate yinkuta zimbere ninyuma yikigega. Guhindura inkoni ya karuvati umutwe itera icyuho hagati yambere na kabiri ya tank yigeragezwa. Inguzanyo y'ishusho: Kaminuza Tekinike ya Munich LCC.
Iyi tank ya mbere 450 x 290 x 80mm yarangiye mu cyi gishize. Glace yagize ati: "Kuva icyo gihe twateye imbere cyane, ariko turacyafite icyuho hagati ya laminate y'imbere n'inyuma." Ati: "Twagerageje rero kuziba ibyo byuho bisukuye kandi bisukuye cyane. Ibi mubyukuri biteza imbere isano iri hagati ya sitidiyo na laminate, ibyo bikaba byongera imbaraga za mashini."
Itsinda ryakomeje guteza imbere igishushanyo mbonera no gutunganya, harimo ibisubizo byuburyo bwifuzwa. Glace yabisobanuye agira ati: “Impande z'ikigega cy’ibizamini ntizari zifunze neza kuko byari bigoye ko iyi geometrie ikora inzira ihindagurika.” "Inguni yacu ya mbere yariyongereye yari 75 °, ariko twari tuzi ko hakenewe imiyoboro myinshi kugirango duhuze umutwaro muri ubu bwato. Turacyashakisha igisubizo cyiki kibazo, ariko ntabwo byoroshye hamwe na software iri ku isoko. Irashobora kuba umushinga wo gukurikirana.
Gleiss agira ati: “Twerekanye ko iki gitekerezo gishoboka, ariko dukeneye kurushaho gukora kugira ngo tunoze isano iri hagati ya laminate no kuvugurura inkoni za karuvati.“ Kwipimisha hanze ku mashini yipimisha. Ukuramo icyogajuru muri laminate hanyuma ukagerageza imitwaro ya mashini izo ngingo zishobora kwihanganira. ”
Iki gice cyumushinga wa Polymers4Hydrogen kizarangira mu mpera za 2023, icyo gihe Gleis yizeye kuzarangiza ikigega cya kabiri cyo kwerekana. Igishimishije, ibishushanyo uyumunsi bifashisha neza thermoplastique murwego hamwe na thermoset yibigize murukuta rwa tank. Ubu buryo bwa Hybrid buzakoreshwa mubigega byanyuma byerekana? Grace ati: "Yego." Ati: “Abafatanyabikorwa bacu mu mushinga wa Polymers4Hydrogène barimo gutegura epoxy resin hamwe n'ibindi bikoresho bya matrix bifite ibikoresho byiza bya hydrogène.” Yerekanye abafatanyabikorwa babiri bakora kuri uyu murimo, PCCL na kaminuza ya Tampere (Tampere, Finlande).
Gleiss n'itsinda rye kandi bunguranye amakuru kandi baganira ku bitekerezo na Jaeger ku mushinga wa kabiri wa HyDDen uva mu kigega cya LCC.
Jaeger agira ati: "Tuzakora icyombo gikomatanya ingufu za drone z'ubushakashatsi." Ati: "Ubu ni ubufatanye hagati y’amashami yombi y’ishami ry’ikirere na Geodetike ishami rya TUM - LCC n’ishami ry’ikoranabuhanga rya Kajugujugu (HT). Uyu mushinga uzarangira mu mpera za 2024 kandi ubu turimo turangiza ubwato bw’umuvuduko. Igishushanyo kikaba ari uburyo bwo mu kirere no mu modoka. Nyuma y’iki cyiciro cya mbere cy’icyerekezo, intambwe ikurikira ni ugukora imiterere irambuye y’uruzitiro no guhanura inzitizi.
Yakomeje agira ati: "Igitekerezo cyose ni uguteza imbere drone ikora ubushakashatsi hamwe na selile ya lisansi na sisitemu yo gutwara batiri". Izakoresha bateri mugihe kiremereye cyane (ni ukuvuga guhaguruka no kugwa) hanyuma igahita yerekeza kuri lisansi mugihe cyo gutwara imitwaro yoroheje. Yeager yagize ati: "Itsinda rya HT ryari rifite drone y'ubushakashatsi kandi ryongera gukora powertrain yo gukoresha bateri ndetse na selile." Ati: "Baguze kandi ikigega cya CGH2 kugira ngo bagerageze iki cyerekezo."
Asobanura agira ati: “Itsinda ryanjye ryahawe inshingano zo kubaka prototype y’igitutu gikwiranye, ariko ntibiterwa n’ibibazo byo gupakira ikigega cya silindari cyakora.” "Ikigega gishimishije ntabwo gitanga umuyaga mwinshi. Urabona rero imikorere myiza yindege." Ibipimo bya tank hafi. 830 x 350 x 173 mm.
Byuzuye tanmoplastique AFP yujuje ikigega. Ku mushinga wa HyDDen, itsinda rya LCC muri TUM ryabanje gukora ubushakashatsi ku buryo busa n’ubwa Glace (hejuru), ariko nyuma yimukira mu nzira ikoresheje guhuza ibice byinshi byubatswe, hanyuma bikoreshwa cyane hakoreshejwe AFP (hepfo). Inguzanyo y'ishusho: Kaminuza Tekinike ya Munich LCC.
Yager agira ati: "Igitekerezo kimwe gisa n'uburyo Elisabeth [Gleiss] yakoresheje, kugira ngo dushyireho urukuta rw'ubwato ku rukuta rw'ubwato kugira ngo twishyure imbaraga zunamye. Icyakora, aho kugira ngo dukoreshe inzira yo kuzunguruka kugira ngo dukore tanki, dukoresha AFP. Ku bw'ibyo, twatekereje gukora igice cyihariye cy'ubwato bw'umuvuduko, aho uduce tumwe na tumwe twashyizemo kugira ngo dushyire hamwe.
Yakomeje agira ati: "Turimo kugerageza kurangiza igitekerezo nk'iki, kandi tunatangira kugerageza gutoranya ibikoresho, bifite akamaro kanini kugira ngo habeho guhangana na gaze ya H2. Kubwibyo, dukoresha ibikoresho bya termoplastique kandi turimo gukora ku buryo butandukanye uburyo ibikoresho bizagira ingaruka kuri iyi myitwarire ya perme no gutunganya mumashini ya AFP. Ni ngombwa kumva niba ubuvuzi buzagira ingaruka kandi niba hari ibizakorwa nyuma yo gutunganywa.
Ikigega kizaba gikozwe muri thermoplastique kandi imirongo izatangwa na Teijin Carbon Europe GmbH (Wuppertal, Ubudage). Yager yagize ati: "Tuzakoresha ibikoresho byabo bya PPS [polifhenylene sulfide], PEEK [polyether ketone] na LM PAEK [gushonga kwa polyaryl ketone]." Ati: “Hakozwe igereranya kugira ngo harebwe icyaba cyiza mu kurinda kwinjira no gutanga ibice bifite imikorere myiza.” Yizera kurangiza ibizamini, imiterere nuburyo bwo kwerekana no kwerekana imyigaragambyo yambere mumwaka utaha.
Ibikorwa byubushakashatsi byakorewe muri module ya COMET “Polymers4Hydrogene” (ID 21647053) muri gahunda ya COMET ya minisiteri nkuru y’imihindagurikire y’ibihe, Ibidukikije, Ingufu, Ingendo, Udushya n’ikoranabuhanga na Minisiteri y’ikoranabuhanga n’ikoranabuhanga mu bukungu. . Abanditsi bashimiye abafatanyabikorwa bitabiriye ikigo cya Polymer Competence Centre Leoben GmbH (PCCL, Otirishiya), Montanuniversitaet Leoben (Ishami rya Polymer Engineering and Science, Ishami rya Chimie y’ibikoresho bya Polymer, Ishami ry’ibikoresho bya siyansi n’ibizamini bya Polymer), kaminuza ya Tampere (Ishami ry’ibikoresho by’ubuhanga). ) Siyanse), Ikoranabuhanga rya Peak na Faurecia bagize uruhare muri iki gikorwa cyubushakashatsi. COMET-Modul iterwa inkunga na guverinoma ya Otirishiya na guverinoma ya leta ya Styria.
Impapuro zabanjirije imbaraga zubaka imitwaro zirimo fibre zihoraho - ntabwo ziva mubirahure gusa, ahubwo no muri karubone na aramide.
Hariho inzira nyinshi zo gukora ibice. Kubwibyo, guhitamo uburyo kubice runaka bizaterwa nibikoresho, igishushanyo cyigice, hamwe nimikoreshereze yanyuma cyangwa ikoreshwa. Hano harayobora.
Shocker Composites na R&M International barimo guteza imbere urunigi rutanga umusaruro wa karubone rutanga ubwicanyi bwa zeru, igiciro gito ugereranije na fibre yisugi kandi amaherezo izatanga uburebure bwegera fibre ikomeza mumiterere yimiterere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-15-2023