Niba hari ikintu buri wese ukunda siporo, umukinnyi ndetse n'umuntu ukunda hanze akunda cyane, ni imyenda ya sintetike. N'ubundi kandi, ibikoresho nka polyester, nylon, na acrylic ni byiza mu gukuraho ubushuhe, byuma vuba, kandi biraramba koko.
Ariko ibi bikoresho byose by’ubukorikori bikozwe muri pulasitiki. Iyo ubu budodo bucitse cyangwa bugasenyuka, butakaza imigozi yabwo, akenshi bugahita bugera mu butaka bwacu n’amazi, bigatera ibibazo by’ubuzima n’ibidukikije. Uko witonda, ikintu nyamukuru gitera ubu budodo bwose busesuye ni mu rugo rwawe: imashini imesa.
Ku bw'amahirwe, hari uburyo bworoshye bwo gukumira microplastics kwanduza isi ukoresheje buri buruse.
Nk’uko izina ribigaragaza, udupira duto twa plastiki cyangwa udupira twa plastiki tudakunze kugaragara n’amaso. Bityo, kurwana kugira ngo tubuze ko dusohoka ntabwo ari ibintu bishimishije cyane nk’udupira twa plastiki cyangwa imifuka - igikorwa gikunze kujyana n’amashusho ababaje y’udusimba two mu nyanja turimo kunyunyuzwa n’imyanda. Ariko umuhanga mu binyabuzima byo mu mazi Alexis Jackson avuga ko udupira duto twa plastiki dukomeje kuba ikibazo gikomeye ku bidukikije. Azamenya: afite impamyabumenyi y’ikirenga (PhD). Mu rwego rw’ibidukikije n’ibinyabuzima by’ubwihindurize, udupira two mu nyanja zacu twigwaho cyane nk’umuyobozi wa politiki y’inyanja mu ishami rya California ry’ikinyamakuru The Nature Conservancy.
Ariko bitandukanye no kugura imigozi y'icyuma cyangwa gukusanya imifuka ishobora kongera gukoreshwa, igisubizo cy'iki kibazo cya mikorosikopi ntikirasobanuka neza. Icya mbere, mikorosikopi ni nto cyane ku buryo inganda zitunganya imyanda akenshi zidashobora kuyisukura.
Iyo zigenda ziyoyoka, ziba hafi ya hose. Ndetse ziboneka no mu gace k'inyanja ya Arctique. Ntabwo ari mbi gusa, ahubwo inyamaswa iyo ari yo yose irya utu dutsi duto twa plastiki ishobora kugira ikibazo mu nzira y'igogora, imbaraga nke n'ubushake bwo kurya, bigatuma idakura neza kandi ikagabanya ubushobozi bwo kororoka. Byongeye kandi, byagaragaye ko udusimba duto twa plastiki twinjiza imiti yangiza nk'ibyuma biremereye n'imiti yica udukoko, bigatuma ubu burozi bukwirakwira mu dusimba two mu mazi, amafi, inyoni zo mu nyanja n'izindi nyamaswa zo mu gasozi.
Kuva aho, imiti ihumanya ishobora kuzamura uruhererekane rw'ibiribwa ikagaragara mu ifunguro rya nimugoroba ry'ibiryo byo mu mazi, tutibagiwe n'amazi yo mu robine.
Ikibabaje ni uko tutaramenya amakuru ku ngaruka z’igihe kirekire za microplastics ku buzima bw’abantu. Ariko kubera ko tuzi ko ari mbi ku nyamaswa (kandi plastiki ntabwo ari igice cy’indyo yuzuye kandi iboneye), Jackson avuga ko ari byiza kuvuga ko tutagomba kuzishyira mu mibiri yacu.
Iyo igihe kigeze cyo kumesa leggings zawe, amakabutura magufi ya basketball, cyangwa ikoti rifunga, hari intambwe ushobora gufata kugira ngo wirinde ko microplastics zigwa mu bidukikije.
Tangira utandukanya imyenda yo kumesa - ntukurikije ibara, ahubwo ukurikije imyenda. Mesa imyenda ikomeye cyangwa ishaje, nka jeans, utandukanye n'imyenda yoroshye, nka T-shirt za polyester n'amashati yo mu bwoko bwa fleece. Muri ubu buryo, uzagabanya ishaje riterwa n'ingaruka z'imyenda ikomeye ku myenda yoroshye mu minota 40. Ishaje nke bivuze ko imyenda yawe itazashira vuba kandi insinga ntizishobora kwangirika vuba.
Hanyuma menya neza ko ukoresha amazi akonje atari ashyushye. Ubushyuhe buzagabanya imigozi kandi bugatuma icika byoroshye, mu gihe amazi akonje azayifasha kumara igihe kirekire. Hanyuma ukoreshe imigozi migufi aho gukoresha imigozi isanzwe cyangwa miremire, ibi bizagabanya amahirwe yo gucika kw'imigozi. Iyo ubikoze, gabanya umuvuduko w'imigozi izenguruka niba bishoboka - ibi bizagabanya gucika kw'imigozi. Ubu buryo bwose hamwe bwagabanyije gucika kw'imigozi migufi ku kigero cya 30%, nk'uko byagaragajwe n'ubushakashatsi bumwe.
Nubwo tuganira ku miterere y'imashini imesa, irinde imiyoboro yoroshye. Ibi bishobora kuba bitandukanye n'ibyo utekereza, ariko ikoresha amazi menshi kurusha indi miyoboro yo kumesa kugira ngo wirinde ko ishyuha - ikigereranyo cy'amazi ku mwenda gishobora kongera gushonga kwa fibre.
Amaherezo, kuraho burundu icyuma cyumisha. Ntitwakwibanda ku bi bihagije: Ubushyuhe bugabanya igihe cyo kumara ibikoresho kandi byongera amahirwe yo kwangirika munsi y'umutwaro ukurikira. Ku bw'amahirwe, imyenda y'ubukorikori yumisha vuba, bityo uyimanike hanze cyangwa ku gisenge cyo kwiyuhagiriramo—uzanazigama amafaranga ukoresheje icyuma cyumisha inshuro nke.
Nyuma yuko imyenda yawe imeswa kandi yumye, ntugasubize mu mashini imesa. Ibintu byinshi ntibigomba kumeswa nyuma ya buri gukoreshwa, bityo shyira iyo myenda migufi cyangwa ishati mu kabati kugira ngo uyishyiremo ubundi cyangwa kabiri niba idahumura nk'iy'imbwa imaze gukoreshwa rimwe. Niba hari ahantu hamwe handuye, karaba n'intoki aho gutangira gupakira.
Ushobora kandi gukoresha ibikoresho bitandukanye kugira ngo ugabanye kwangirika kwa microfiber. Guppyfriend yakoze isakoshi yo kumesa imyenda yagenewe gukusanya imyanda yangiritse n'imyanda ya microplastic, no gukumira kwangirika kwa fibre aho ituruka binyuze mu kurinda imyenda. Shyiramo sintetike, uyishyiremo uzipu, uyijugunye mu mashini imesa, uyikuremo hanyuma ujugunye umwenda wose wa microplastic ufatanye n'imfuruka z'isakoshi. Ndetse n'isakoshi zisanzwe zo kumesa imyenda zifasha kugabanya kwangirika, bityo iyi ni amahitamo.
Akayunguruzo k’imashini imesa ni ubundi buryo bwiza kandi bushobora kongera gukoreshwa bwagaragaye ko bugabanya microplastics kugeza kuri 80%. Ariko ntugatwarwe cyane n’utu dupira two kumesa imyenda, bivugwa ko dufata microfibers mu kumesa: ibisubizo byiza ni bike cyane.
Ku bijyanye n'isabune, ubwoko bwinshi buzwi bugizwe na pulasitiki, harimo na kapsule zoroshye zicikamo uduce duto twa pulasitiki mu mashini imesa. Ariko byasabye gucukumbura kugira ngo umenye isabune ari yo nyirabayazana. Menya uburyo bwo kumenya niba isabune yawe ari nziza ku bidukikije mbere yo kongera kuyishyira mu bubiko cyangwa gutekereza kuyikora. Hanyuma witondere ibikoresho byawe bya sintetike kuva umunsi wo kuyimesa.
Alisha McDarris ni umwanditsi mu gitabo cyitwa Popular Science. Akunda ingendo kandi agakunda cyane ibikorwa byo hanze, akunda kwereka inshuti, umuryango ndetse n'abantu atazi uburyo bwo kwirindira umutekano no kumarana umwanya munini hanze. Iyo atanditse, urashobora kumubona arimo gutembera mu mugongo, agenda mu bwato, azamuka amabuye cyangwa agenda mu muhanda.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-20-2022