Kunezinkulungwane zepulasitiki emakethe yokwenza ama-prototyping ngokushesha noma ukukhiqizwa okuncane - ukukhetha ipulasitiki efanele iphrojekthi ethile kungaba nzima kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kubasunguli abafisayo noma osomabhizinisi abafisayo. Izinto ngazinye zimelela ukuvumelana ngokwezindleko, amandla, ukuguquguquka kanye nokuphela kwendawo. Kubalulekile ukucabangela hhayi kuphela ukusetshenziswa kwengxenye noma umkhiqizo, kodwa futhi nendawo ozosetshenziswa kuyo.
Ngokuvamile, amapulasitiki obunjiniyela anezakhiwo ezithuthukisiwe zemishini ezinikeza ukuqina okukhulu futhi azishintshi ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza. Ezinye izinhlobo zamapulasitiki zingashintshwa futhi ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla azo, kanye nokumelana nokushaqeka nokushisa. Ake singene ezintweni ezahlukene zepulasitiki okufanele sizicabangele kuye ngokusebenza kwengxenye yokugcina noma umkhiqizo.
Enye yama-resin avame kakhulu asetshenziswa ukwenza izingxenye zemishini yi-nylon, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-polyamide (PA). Uma i-polyamide ixutshwa ne-molybdenum, inobuso obubushelelezi ukuze kube lula ukuyinyakazisa. Kodwa-ke, amagiya e-nylon-on-nylon awanconywa ngoba, njengepulasitiki, avame ukunamathelana. I-PA inokumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu nokuklwebheka, futhi inezakhiwo ezinhle zemishini emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. I-nylon iyinto efanelekile yokuphrinta kwe-3D ngepulasitiki, kodwa imunca amanzi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
I-Polyoxymethylene (POM) nayo iyisinqumo esihle kakhulu sezingxenye zemishini. I-POM iyi-resin ye-acetal esetshenziselwa ukwenza i-DuPont's Delrin, ipulasitiki eyigugu esetshenziswa kumagiya, izikulufo, amasondo nokuningi. I-POM inamandla aphezulu okugoba nokuthamba, ukuqina kanye nobunzima. Kodwa-ke, i-POM yonakaliswa yi-alkali, i-chlorine namanzi ashisayo, futhi kunzima ukunamathelana.
Uma iphrojekthi yakho iyisitsha esithile, i-polypropylene (PP) iyona engcono kakhulu. I-polypropylene isetshenziswa ezitsheni zokugcina ukudla ngoba ayishisi, ayingenwa amafutha kanye nezinyibilikisi, futhi ayikhiphi amakhemikhali, okwenza kube kuphephile ukudla. I-polypropylene futhi inokulinganisela okuhle kokuqina kanye namandla okushaya, okwenza kube lula ukwenza izihibe ezingagotshwa ngokuphindaphindiwe ngaphandle kokuphuka. Ingasetshenziswa futhi emapayipini nasemapayipini.
Enye indlela i-polyethylene (PE). I-PE iyipulasitiki evame kakhulu emhlabeni enamandla amancane, ubulukhuni kanye nokuqina. Ngokuvamile iyipulasitiki emhlophe efana nobisi esetshenziselwa ukwenza amabhodlela emithi, izitsha zobisi kanye nensipho. I-Polyethylene imelana kakhulu namakhemikhali ahlukahlukene kodwa inezinga eliphansi lokuncibilika.
Izinto ze-Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) zilungele noma yimuphi umsebenzi odinga ukumelana okukhulu nokumelana okukhulu kokudabula nokuqhekeka. I-ABS ilula futhi ingaqiniswa nge-fiberglass. Ibiza kakhulu kune-styrene, kodwa ihlala isikhathi eside ngenxa yobunzima bayo namandla ayo. Imodeli ye-ABS 3D eyenziwe nge-Fusion-molded for prototyping esheshayo.
Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo, i-ABS iyisinqumo esihle sezinto ezigqokwayo. Kwa-Star Rapid, sidale i-smartwatch case ye-E3design sisebenzisa ipulasitiki ye-ABS/PC ebunjiwe ngomjovo omnyama opendwe kusengaphambili. Lokhu kukhetha izinto kwenza yonke idivayisi ibe lula, kuyilapho kunikeza i-case engamelana nokushaqeka ngezikhathi ezithile, njengalapho iwashi lishaya indawo eqinile. I-polystyrene enamandla kakhulu (i-HIPS) iyisinqumo esihle uma udinga izinto eziguquguqukayo nezimelana nokushaqeka. Lokhu kukhetha kufanelekile ukwenza ama-case amathuluzi anamandla aqinile nama-case amathuluzi. Nakuba ama-HIPS engabizi, awabhekwa njengonobungani nemvelo.
Amaphrojekthi amaningi adinga ama-resin okubumba ngomjovo anokuqina okufana nerabha. I-thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) iyisinqumo esihle ngoba inezinhlobo eziningi ezikhethekile zokuqina okuphezulu, ukusebenza kahle kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye nokuqina. I-TPU isetshenziswa futhi kumathuluzi kagesi, ama-roller, ukufakelwa kwekhebula, kanye nezimpahla zemidlalo. Ngenxa yokumelana kwayo ne-solvent, i-TPU inamandla aphezulu okuguguleka kanye nokusika futhi ingasetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi zezimboni. Kodwa-ke, yaziwa ngokumunca umswakama ovela emkhathini, okwenza kube nzima ukuwucubungula ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Ngokubumba ngomjovo, kukhona irabha ye-thermoplastic (TPR), engabizi futhi elula ukuyiphatha, njengokwenza izibambo zerabha ezimunca ukushaqeka.
Uma ingxenye yakho idinga amalensi noma amafasitela acacile, i-acrylic (PMMA) iyona engcono kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuqina kwayo nokumelana nokuklwebheka, le nto isetshenziselwa ukwenza amafasitela angaqhekeki njenge-plexiglass. I-PMMA iphinde ipholishe kahle, inamandla amahle okudonseka, futhi ingabizi kakhulu ekukhiqizeni okuphezulu. Kodwa-ke, ayimelani nokushayisana noma namakhemikhali njenge-polycarbonate (PC).
Uma iphrojekthi yakho idinga izinto eziqinile, i-PC inamandla kune-PMMA futhi inezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokukhanya, okwenza kube ukukhetha okufanele kwamalensi namafasitela angangeni zinhlamvu. I-PC ingagotshwa futhi yenziwe ekamelweni lokushisa ngaphandle kokuphuka. Lokhu kuyasiza ekwenzeni i-prototyping ngoba ayidingi amathuluzi esikhunta abizayo ukuze yakheke. I-PC ibiza kakhulu kune-acrylic, futhi ukuchayeka isikhathi eside emanzini ashisayo kungakhipha amakhemikhali ayingozi, ngakho-ke ayihlangabezani nezindinganiso zokuphepha kokudla. Ngenxa yokumelana kwayo nokuklwebheka, i-PC ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene. Kwa-Star Rapid, sisebenzisa le nto ukwenza izindlu zama-terminals aphathwa ngesandla e-Muller Commercial Solutions. Ingxenye yayikhiqizwe nge-CNC kusuka kubhulokhi eqinile ye-PC; njengoba kwakudingeka ibonakale ngokuphelele, yayihlanzwa ngesandla futhi ipholishwe ngomusi.
Lokhu kumane nje kuyincazelo emfushane yezinye zepulasitiki ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni. Iningi lalezi zingashintshwa ngemicu yengilazi ehlukene, iziqinisi ze-UV, izinto zokugcoba noma ezinye izinhlayiya ukuze kufezwe imininingwane ethile.
UGordon Stiles ungumsunguli nomongameli we-Star Rapid, inkampani yokukhiqiza ama-prototyping okusheshayo, amathuluzi asheshayo kanye nokukhiqiza okuphansi. Ngokusekelwe emlandweni wakhe wobunjiniyela, uStiles wasungula i-Star Rapid ngo-2005 futhi ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe inkampani ikhule yaba ngabasebenzi abangu-250. I-Star Rapid isebenzisa ithimba lamazwe ngamazwe lonjiniyela kanye nochwepheshe abahlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu njengokunyathelisa kwe-3D kanye nomshini wokugaya ama-axis amaningi we-CNC namasu okukhiqiza endabuko kanye nezindinganiso zekhwalithi ephezulu. Ngaphambi kokujoyina i-Star Rapid, i-Styles yayiphethe futhi isebenzisa i-STYLES RPD, inkampani enkulu kunazo zonke e-UK yokukhiqiza ama-prototyping okusheshayo kanye namathuluzi, eyathengiswa ku-ARRK Europe ngo-2000.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-19-2023