Hari ibihumbi bya pulasitiki biri ku isoko kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu buryo bwihuse cyangwa mu buryo buciriritse - guhitamo pulasitiki ikwiye umushinga runaka bishobora kuba byinshi cyane, cyane cyane ku bashaka kuvumbura ibintu cyangwa ba rwiyemezamirimo bashaka gukora. Buri gikoresho kigaragaza ubwumvikane mu bijyanye n'igiciro, imbaraga, ubworoherane n'irangira ry'ubuso. Ni ngombwa kuzirikana ikoreshwa ry'igice cyangwa ibicuruzwa gusa, ahubwo no ku bidukikije bizakoreshwamo.
Muri rusange, pulasitiki z’ubuhanga zifite imiterere myiza ya mekanike itanga uburambe bukomeye kandi ntizihinduka mu gihe cyo kuzikora. Hari ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa pulasitiki bushobora guhindurwa kugira ngo bwongere imbaraga zazo, ndetse no kwirinda ingaruka n’ubushyuhe. Reka turebere hamwe ibikoresho bitandukanye bya pulasitiki kugira ngo tuzirikane bitewe n’imikorere y’igice cya nyuma cyangwa ibicuruzwa.
Imwe mu resins zikoreshwa cyane mu gukora ibice bya mekanike ni nylon, izwi kandi nka polyamide (PA). Iyo polyamide ivanze na molybdenum, igira ubuso bworoshye kugira ngo byoroshye kuyigendamo. Ariko, ibyuma bya nylon-on-nylon ntibisabwa kuko, kimwe na pulasitiki, bikunda gufatana. PA ifite ubushobozi bwo kwangirika no kwangirika cyane, kandi ifite imiterere myiza ya mekanike iyo ubushyuhe bwinshi bukabije. Nayiloni ni ibikoresho byiza byo gucapa hakoreshejwe pulasitiki mu buryo bwa 3D, ariko ifata amazi uko igihe kigenda.
Polyoxymethylene (POM) nayo ni amahitamo meza ku bice bya mekanike. POM ni resine ya asetali ikoreshwa mu gukora DuPont's Delrin, pulasitiki y'agaciro ikoreshwa mu bikoresho, vis, amapine n'ibindi. POM ifite imbaraga nyinshi zo gukurura no gukurura, gukomera no gukomera. Ariko, POM yangiritse bitewe na alkali, chlorine n'amazi ashyushye, kandi biragoye gufatana.
Niba umushinga wawe ari ubwoko bw'igikoresho, polypropylene (PP) ni yo mahitamo meza. Polypropylene ikoreshwa mu bikoresho byo kubikamo ibiryo kuko irinda ubushyuhe, ntishobora kwangirika ku mavuta n'ibintu bishongesha, kandi ntirekura imiti, bigatuma itekanye kuribwa. Polypropylene kandi ifite uburinganire bwiza mu gukomera no gukomera, bigatuma byoroha gukora imigozi ishobora kunamirwa kenshi idacitse. Ishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu miyoboro no mu miyoboro.
Ubundi buryo ni polyethylene (PE). PE ni pulasitiki ikunze gukoreshwa cyane ku isi ifite imbaraga nke, ubukana n'ubukonje. Akenshi ni pulasitiki y'umweru isa n'amata ikoreshwa mu gukora amacupa y'imiti, amata n'ibikoresho by'isabune. Polyethylene irwanya cyane imiti myinshi ariko ifite aho ishongesha hato.
Ibikoresho bya Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) ni byiza cyane ku mushinga uwo ari wo wose usaba ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ingaruka zikomeye no guhangana no kwangirika cyane. ABS ni yoroshye kandi ishobora gukomezwa na fiberglass. Irahenze kurusha styrene, ariko imara igihe kirekire bitewe n’ubukana bwayo n’imbaraga zayo. Ifite imiterere ya 3D ya ABS ikozwe muri Fusion kugira ngo ikoreshwe vuba.
Bitewe n'imiterere yayo, ABS ni amahitamo meza ku bikoresho byo kwambara. Muri Star Rapid, twakoze agasanduku k'amashusho ka E3design dukoresheje pulasitiki y'umukara ya ABS/PC irangi ryakozwe mbere. Uku guhitamo ibikoresho bituma igikoresho cyose cyoroha, ndetse no gutanga agasanduku gashobora kwihanganira impanuka zimwe na zimwe, nko mu gihe isaha ikubise ahantu hakomeye. Polystyrene ifite ingaruka nyinshi (HIPS) ni amahitamo meza niba ukeneye ibikoresho byinshi kandi birwanya ingaruka. Iki gikoresho kibereye gukora udusanduku tw'ibikoresho biramba n'udusanduku tw'ibikoresho. Nubwo HIPS ihendutse, ntifatwa nk'itangiza ibidukikije.
Imishinga myinshi isaba resini zo gushushanya inshinge zifite ubukana nk'ubwa rubber. Polyurethane ya Thermoplastic (TPU) ni amahitamo meza kuko ifite uburyo bwinshi bwihariye bwo gukosora, gukora neza no kuramba. TPU ikoreshwa kandi mu bikoresho by'amashanyarazi, imigozi, insinga zo gukingira insinga, n'ibikoresho bya siporo. Bitewe n'ubudahangarwa bwayo bwo gushonga, TPU ifite ubukana bwinshi bwo gushwanyagurika no gukata kandi ishobora gukoreshwa mu nganda nyinshi. Ariko, izwiho gukurura ubushuhe buva mu kirere, bigatuma bigorana kuyitunganya mu gihe cyo kuyitunganya. Ku bijyanye no gushushanya inshinge, hariho rubber ya thermoplastic (TPR), ihendutse kandi yoroshye kuyifata, nko gukora imigozi ya rubber ifata umuyaga.
Niba igice cyawe gikeneye lenzi cyangwa amadirishya asobanutse neza, acrylic (PMMA) ni yo nziza kurusha izindi. Kubera ko ikomera kandi idacika intege, iyi mashini ikoreshwa mu gukora amadirishya adacika nk'ikirahure. PMMA kandi irasukura neza, ifite imbaraga zo gukurura neza, kandi ihendutse mu gukora ubwinshi bw'ibikoresho. Ariko, ntabwo irwanya impanuka cyangwa imiti nka polycarbonate (PC).
Niba umushinga wawe ukeneye ibikoresho bikomeye, mudasobwa irakomeye kurusha PMMA kandi ifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo kubona, bigatuma iba amahitamo meza yo gukoresha lenzi n'amadirishya adapfa gutwikirwa n'amasasu. PC ishobora kandi gupfunyika no gukorerwa ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba idacitse. Ibi ni ingirakamaro mu gushushanya kuko idasaba ibikoresho bihenze byo gukora ibumba kugira ngo ikore. PC irahenze kurusha acrylic, kandi kumara igihe kinini ukoresha amazi ashyushye bishobora kurekura imiti yangiza, bityo ntiyujuje ibisabwa ku buringanire bw'ibiribwa. Bitewe n'ingaruka zayo no kudashwanyagurika, mudasobwa ni nziza ku bikorwa bitandukanye. Muri Star Rapid, dukoresha ibi bikoresho mu gukora imiyoboro ya Muller Commercial Solutions. Igice cyakozwe na CNC mu buryo bukomeye bwa PC; kubera ko cyagombaga kuba gifite isura nziza, cyarasukuwe n'intoki kandi gisukurwa n'umwuka.
Iyi ni incamake y'incamake ya zimwe muri pulasitiki zikoreshwa cyane mu nganda. Inyinshi muri zo zishobora guhindurwa hakoreshejwe imigozi itandukanye y'ibirahure, ibintu bitera imbaraga UV, amavuta cyangwa izindi resin kugira ngo hagerwe ku bipimo bimwe na bimwe.
Gordon Stiles ni we washinze Star Rapid, ikigo cy’ikoranabuhanga ryihuse, ibikoresho byihuse n’inganda zikora ibikoresho bike. Ashingiye ku bumenyi bwe mu by’ubuhanga, Stiles yashinze Star Rapid mu 2005 kandi ku buyobozi bwe, ikigo cyageze ku bakozi 250. Star Rapid ikoresha itsinda mpuzamahanga ry’abahanga n’abatekinisiye bahuza ikoranabuhanga rigezweho nka 3D printing na CNC multi-axis machining hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga gakondo ryo gukora hamwe n’amahame meza yo hejuru. Mbere yo kwinjira muri Star Rapid, Styles yari ifite kandi iyobora STYLES RPD, ikigo kinini cyane mu Bwongereza cyo gukora no gukora ibikoresho byihuse, cyagurishijwe kuri ARRK Europe mu 2000.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 19 Mata 2023