Ososayensi benze ipulasitiki elilingana nensimbi - eliqinile kodwa elingesindi.Ipulasitiki, osokhemisi ngezinye izikhathi abayibiza ngokuthi ama-polymers, iyisigaba samamolekyuli amaketanga amade akhiwe amayunithi amafushane aphindaphindayo abizwa ngokuthi ama-monomers.Ngokungafani nama-polymer angaphambilini wamandla afanayo, into entsha iza kuphela ngefomu lolwelwesi.Iphinde ibe izikhathi ezingama-50 ngaphezu kwe-polymer engenakuqhathaniswa ne-polymer emakethe. of synthesis.Inqubo, eyenzeka ekamelweni lokushisa, idinga izinto ezishibhile kuphela, futhi i-polymer ingakhiqizwa ngobuningi ngamashidi amakhulu angama-nanometers awugqinsi kuphela.Abacwaningi babika lokho abakutholile ngo-Feb. 2 kumagazini i-Nature.
Into okukhulunywa ngayo ibizwa ngokuthi i-polyamide, inethiwekhi enentambo yamayunithi ama-amide amangqamuzana (ama-amide angamaqembu amakhemikhali e-nitrogen axhunywe kuma-athomu e-carbon-bonded carbon). Lawa ma-polymers ahlanganisa i-Kevlar, i-fiber esetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-bulletproof vests, kanye ne-Nomex, indwangu engashi. Njengo-Kevlar, ama-molecule e-polyamide athuthukisa ama-molecule e-polyamide kuma-athomu e-hydrogen ahambisana nenye into entsha ngobude bawo obusha obuhlanganiswe ne-hydrogen yonke into entsha amandla awo wonke wento.
"Banamathela ndawonye njenge-Velcro," kusho umlobi oholayo uMichael Strano, unjiniyela wamakhemikhali we-MIT.Izinto zokudabula azidingi nje ukuphula amaketanga angama-molecular, kodwa futhi zinqobe izibopho ezinkulu ze-intermolecular hydrogen ezithinta yonke inqwaba ye-polymer.
Ukwengeza, ama-polymers amasha angakwazi ukwakha ama-flakes ngokuzenzekelayo.Lokhu kwenza izinto zibe lula ukucubungula, njengoba zingenziwa zibe amafilimu amancane noma zisetshenziswe njenge-coating yefilimu encane.Ama-polymers endabuko avame ukukhula njengamaketanga aqondile, noma aphinde ahlanganise amagatsha futhi axhumane ngezilinganiso ezintathu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yikuphi ukuma.Kodwa ama-polymers we-Strano akhula ngendlela eyingqayizivele ku-2D ukuze enze ama-nanosheets.
"Ungakwazi yini ukuhlanganisa ephepheni? Kuvela ukuthi, ezimweni eziningi, awukwazi ukukwenza kuze kube umsebenzi wethu," kusho uStrano. "Ngakho-ke, sithole indlela entsha." Kulo msebenzi wakamuva, ithimba lakhe linqobe isithiyo ukuze lenze lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwezinhlangothi ezimbili kwenzeke.
Isizathu sokuthi i-polyaramides ibe nesakhiwo se-planar ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwe-polymer kuhilela indlela ebizwa ngokuthi i-autocatalytic templating: njengoba i-polymer inweba futhi inamathela kumabhulokhi wokwakha we-monomer, inethiwekhi ye-polymer ekhulayo iheha ama-monomer alandelayo ukuthi Ahlanganise endaweni efanele kuphela ukuze aqinise ukuhlangana kwesakhiwo se-two-dimensional. ugqinsi lwama-nanometer angu-4. Lokho cishe kuyingxenye yesigidi ubukhulu bephepha elivamile lasehhovisi.
Ukuze balinganise izici zemishini yezinto ze-polymer, abacwaningi balinganise amandla adingekayo ukubhoboza izimbobo eshidini lezinto ezimisiwe ezinenaliti enhle. ezindaweni zensimbi, ezifana nemigodi yemoto, noma njengesihlungi sokuhlanza amanzi.Emsebenzini wokugcina, ulwelwesi lwesihlungi olufanele ludinga ukuba luncane kodwa luqine ngokwanele ukuze lumelane nokucindezela okuphezulu ngaphandle kokuvuza ukungcola okuncane, okuyinkathazo ekunikezeni kwethu kokugcina - ukulingana okuphelele kwalokhu kwaziswa kwe-polyamide.
Ngokuzayo, u-Strano unethemba lokwelula indlela yokwenza i-polymerization kuma-polymer ahlukene ngale kwe-analog ye-Kevlar."Ama-polymer asizungezile," esho. Ake ucabange ukuguqula izinhlobo eziningi zama-polymers, ngisho nezingavamile ezingaqhuba ugesi noma ukukhanya, zibe amafilimu amancane angakwazi ukumboza izindawo ezihlukahlukene, uyanezela.
Ezweni elizungezwe amapulasitiki, umphakathi unesizathu sokujabula ngenye i-polymer entsha enezakhiwo zayo ezingavamile, kusho uStrano. Le aramid iqinile kakhulu, okusho ukuthi singashintsha amapulasitiki ansuku zonke, kusukela kumapende kuya ezikhwameni kuya emaphaketheni okudla, ngezinto ezimbalwa nezinamandla.
U-Shi En Kim (njengoba evame ukubizwa kanjalo ngo-Kim) ungumbhali wesayensi ozisebenzelayo owazalelwa e-Malaysian kanye nomsebenzi wokuhlela we-Popular Science Spring 2022. Ubhale kabanzi ngezihloko ezisukela ekusetshenzisweni okuxakile kolwembu—abantu noma izicabucabu ngokwazo—kuya kwabaqoqi bakadoti emkhathini.
Umkhumbi-mkhathi we-Boeing's Starliner awukafiki e-International Space Station, kodwa ochwepheshe banethemba ngendiza yesithathu yokuhlola.
Singabambiqhaza kuhlelo lwe-Amazon Services LLC Associates, uhlelo lokukhangisa oluyinxusa oluklanyelwe ukusinika indlela yokuba sizuze izinkokhelo ngokuxhumanisa ne-Amazon.com kanye namasayithi ahlobene.Ukubhalisa noma ukusebenzisa le sayithi kuhlanganisa ukwamukela Imigomo Yesevisi yethu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-19-2022