Masayendisiti akagadzira purasitiki yakaenzana nesimbi — yakasimba asi isina kurema. Mapurasitiki, ayo dzimwe nguva vanoongorora mishonga vanonzi mapolymer, iboka remamorekuru ane cheni refu anoumbwa nemayuniti mapfupi anodzokororwa anonzi mamonomers. Kusiyana nemapolymers ekare ane simba rakafanana, chinhu chitsva chinongouya muchimiro chemembrane chete. Chinofefeterawo ka50 kupfuura purasitiki isingapindi mvura zvakanyanya pamusika. Chimwe chinhu chinoonekwa chepolymer iyi ndekureruka kwayo kwekugadzira. Maitiro acho, anoitika patembiricha yemumba, anongoda zvinhu zvakachipa chete, uye polymer inogona kugadzirwa muzvikamu zvakakura zvine ukobvu hwenanometer chete. Vaongorori vanotaura zvavakawana musi wa2 Kukadzi mujenari reNature.
Chinhu chiri kutaurwa chinonzi polyamide, network ine tambo yemaamide molecular units (maamide mapoka emakemikari enitrogen akabatanidzwa kumaatomu ekabhoni ane oxygen-bonded). Mapolymer akadaro anosanganisira Kevlar, fiber inoshandiswa kugadzira mavesti asingapindi mabara, uye Nomex, jira rinodzivirira moto. Kufanana neKevlar, mamorekuru epolyamide ari muchinhu chitsva anobatanidzwa nezvisungo zvehydrogen pamwe chete nehurefu hwese hwecheni dzavo, izvo zvinowedzera simba rechinhu chose.
"Zvinonamatirana pamwe chete seVelcro," akadaro munyori mukuru Michael Strano, mainjiniya wemakemikari weMIT. Kubvarura zvinhu hakudi kungoda kupwanya cheni dzemamorekuru ega ega, asiwo kukunda zvisungo zvikuru zvehydrogen zvinopinda mupolymer yese.
Pamusoro pezvo, mapolymer matsva anogona kugadzira maflakes otomatiki. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvinhu zvive nyore kugadzirisa, sezvo zvichigona kugadzirwa kuita mafirimu matete kana kushandiswa sejira repamusoro refirimu rakatetepa. Mapolymer echinyakare anowanzo kukura secheni dzakatwasuka, kana kuti anoenderera mberi nekubatanidza muzvikamu zvitatu, zvisinei nekuti akatarisa kupi. Asi mapolymer aStrano anokura nenzira yakasiyana mu2D kuti aumbe nanosheets.
"Munogona here kuungana papepa? Kazhinji, hazvigoneke kuti muite izvi kusvika taita basa redu," akadaro Strano. "Saka, takawana nzira itsva." Mubasa iri razvino, timu yake yakakunda dambudziko kuti izvi zvikwanisike.
Chikonzero nei mapolyaramides aine chimiro chakarongwa ndechekuti kugadzirwa kwepolymer kunosanganisira nzira inonzi autocatalytic templating: sezvo polymer ichireba uye ichinamatira kumabhuroko ekuvaka emonomer, network yepolymer iri kukura inoita kuti mamonomer anotevera asanganiswe munzira chaiyo kusimbisa kubatana kwechimiro chemativi maviri. Vaongorori vakaratidza kuti vaigona kuputira polymer mumhinduro nyore nyore pamawafers kuti vagadzire ma laminates ane upamhi hwe inch isingasviki 4 nanometers ukobvu. Ndiko kuda kusvika miriyoni imwe chete yeukobvu hwepepa rehofisi renguva dzose.
Kuti vaone hunhu hwezvinhu zvepolymer, vaongorori vakayera simba rinodiwa kuti vaboore maburi mupepa rakarembera netsono diki. Iyi polyamide yakaoma kupfuura mapolymer echinyakare senge nylon, jira rinoshandiswa kugadzira maparachuti. Zvinoshamisa kuti, zvinotora simba rakapetwa kaviri kusunungura iyi polyamide yakasimba kupfuura simbi ine ukobvu hwakafanana. Sekureva kwaStrano, chinhu ichi chinogona kushandiswa sechinodzivirira pamusoro pesimbi, senge ma veneer emotokari, kana sesefa yekuchenesa mvura. Mubasa rekupedzisira, membrane yakanaka yefirita inofanirwa kunge yakatetepa asi yakasimba zvakakwana kuti ikwanise kumira kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya pasina kuburitsa tsvina diki, inonetsa mumidziyo yedu yekupedzisira - yakakodzera zvinhu zvepolyamide izvi.
Mune ramangwana, Strano inotarisira kuwedzera nzira yepolymerization kune mapolymer akasiyana kupfuura iyi Kevlar analog. "Mapolymers akatikomberedza," akadaro. "Anoita zvese." Fungidzira uchishandura marudzi akasiyana-siyana emapolymers, kunyangwe ekunze anogona kufambisa magetsi kana chiedza, kuita mafirimu matete anogona kufukidza nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, anowedzera. "Nekuda kweiyi nzira itsva, pamwe mamwe marudzi emapolymers anogona kushandiswa ikozvino," akadaro Stano.
Munyika yakakomberedzwa nemapurasitiki, nzanga ine chikonzero chekufara neimwe polymer itsva ine hunhu hwemakanika husina kujairika, akadaro Strano. Iyi aramid yakasimba zvikuru, zvinoreva kuti tinogona kutsiva mapurasitiki emazuva ese, kubva pamapendi kusvika kumabhegi kusvika pakurongedza chikafu, nezvinhu zvishoma uye zvakasimba. Strano akawedzera kuti kubva pakuona kwekuchengetedza, iyi polymer yakasimba kwazvo ye2D idanho rakanaka rekusunungura nyika kubva mupurasitiki.
Shi En Kim (sezvaanowanzodaidzwa Kim) munyori wesainzi akaberekerwa kuMalaysia uye mudzidzi wezvekunyora wePopular Science Spring 2022. Akanyora zvakawanda pamusoro penyaya dzakasiyana-siyana kubva pakushandiswa kunoshamisa kwedandemutande—vanhu kana dandemutande pacharo—kusvika pakunhonga marara muchadenga.
Chikepe cheBoeing cheStarliner hachisati chasvika kuInternational Space Station, asi nyanzvi dzine tariro yekuti ndege yacho ichamboenda kunhandare yendege kechitatu.
Tiri nhengo yeAmazon Services LLC Associates Program, chirongwa chekushambadzira chakagadzirirwa kutipa nzira yekuwana mari nekubatanidza kuAmazon.com nemawebhusaiti akabatana. Kunyoresa kana kushandisa saiti iyi zvinoreva kugamuchira Mitemo Yedu Yebasa.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-19-2022