Kua hangaia e ngā kaipūtaiao he kirihou e rite ana ki te maitai — he kaha engari kāore i te taumaha. Ko ngā kirihou, e kiia ana e ngā kaimātai matū he pūmua, he akomanga ngota mekameka roa e hangaia ana mai i ngā wae poto e kiia nei ko ngā monomer. Kāore i rite ki ngā pūmua o mua o te kaha kotahi, ka puta noa te rauemi hou i roto i te āhua membrane. E 50 ngā wā he pai ake te hau i te kirihou tino kore e uru ki te wai i runga i te mākete. Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga nui o tēnei pūmua ko tōna ngāwari o te hanga. Ko te tukanga, e puta ana i te pāmahana rūma, e hiahia ana ki ngā rauemi iti noa te utu, ā, ka taea te whakaputa papatipu i te pūmua i roto i ngā rau nui he nanometa noa te matotoru. Ka ripoatahia e ngā kairangahau ā rātou kitenga i te 2 o Pēpuere i roto i te puka Nature.
Ko te rauemi e pā ana ki tēnei ko te polyamide, he whatunga miro o ngā waeine ngota amide (ko ngā amide he rōpū matū hauota e piri ana ki ngā ngota waro e herea ana ki te hāora). Ko ētahi o aua polymer ko Kevlar, he muka e whakamahia ana hei hanga i ngā koti ārai-matā, me Nomex, he papanga ātete-ahi. Pērā i a Kevlar, ko ngā ngota polyamide i roto i te rauemi hou e honoa ana tetahi ki tetahi mā roto i ngā here hauwai i te roanga katoa o ō rātou mekameka, e whakarei ake ana i te kaha whānui o te rauemi.
"Ka piri tahi rātou pērā i te Velcro," te kī a te kaituhi matua a Michael Strano, he miihini matū nō MIT. Ehara i te mea ko te haehae i ngā rauemi anake me pakaru ngā mekameka ngota takitahi, engari me wikitoria hoki i ngā here hauwai nui e uru ana ki te paihere pūmua katoa.
Hei tāpiritanga, ka taea e ngā pūmua hou te hanga aunoa i ngā kirikiri. Mā tēnei ka māmā ake te tukatuka i te rauemi, nā te mea ka taea te hanga hei kiriata angiangi, te whakamahi rānei hei paninga mata kiriata angiangi. Ko ngā pūmua tuku iho ka tipu hei mekameka raina, ka peka tonu rānei, ka hono tahi i roto i ngā taha e toru, ahakoa te aronga. Engari ka tipu ngā pūmua a Strano i roto i te huarahi ahurei i roto i te 2D hei hanga i ngā nanosheets.
"Ka taea e koe te whakakotahi ki runga i tētahi pepa? I te nuinga o te wā, kāore e taea e koe te mahi i tēnei mea kia tae rā anō ki tā mātou mahi," te kī a Strano. "Nō reira, i kitea e mātou tētahi tikanga hou." I roto i tēnei mahi tata nei, i wikitoria tana tīma i tētahi arai kia taea ai tēnei whakakotahitanga rua-ahu.
Ko te take he hanganga papatahi ngā polyaramides nā te mea he tikanga kei roto i te hanganga pūmua e kiia nei ko te template autocatalytic: i te roa haere o te pūmua, ā, ka piri ki ngā poraka hanga monomer, ka akiakihia e te whatunga pūmua e tipu haere ana ngā monomer e whai ake nei kia honoa noa i te huarahi tika hei whakapakari i te hononga o te hanganga rua-ahu. I whakaatuhia e ngā kairangahau ka taea e rātou te pani ngāwari i te pūmua ki roto i te otinga ki runga i ngā papa angiangi hei hanga i ngā papa rākau whānui-inihi iti iho i te 4 nanometer te matotoru. Tata ki te kotahi miriona o te matotoru o te pepa tari noa.
Hei ine i ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o te rauemi pūmua, i inehia e ngā kairangahau te kaha e hiahiatia ana hei wero i ngā kōhao ki roto i tētahi rau rauemi e iri ana ki te ngira angiangi. He tino pakari ake tēnei pūmua i ngā pūmua tuku iho pērā i te nairona, te papanga e whakamahia ana hei hanga parakaiti. He mea whakamiharo, e rua te kaha e hiahiatia ana hei wetewete i tēnei pūmua tino kaha i te maitai o te matotoru kotahi. E ai ki a Strano, ka taea te whakamahi i te matū hei paninga tiaki i runga i ngā mata whakarewa, pērā i ngā whakakikorua waka, hei tātari rānei hei pure i te wai. I roto i te mahi whakamutunga, me angiangi te kiriuhi tātari pai engari kia kaha ki te tu atu i ngā pēhanga teitei me te kore e turuturu ngā poke iti, whakararuraru ki roto i tā tātou tuku whakamutunga - he tino pai mō tēnei rauemi pūmua.
"I te heke mai, e tumanako ana a Strano ki te whakawhānui i te tikanga whakapūhui ki ngā pūhui rerekē i tua atu i tēnei momo Kevlar."Kei te taha katoa tātou i ngā pūhui," tana kī. "Ka mahia e rātou ngā mea katoa." Whakaarohia te huri i ngā momo pūhui maha, tae atu ki ngā mea tauhou ka taea te kawe hiko, te mārama rānei, hei kiriata angiangi ka taea te kapi i ngā momo mata," tana tāpiri. "Nā tēnei tikanga hou, tera pea ka taea te whakamahi i ētahi atu momo pūhui," ta Stano.
I tēnei ao e karapotia ana e ngā kirihou, he take tō te hapori ki te harikoa mō tētahi atu pūmua hou kāore nei ōna āhuatanga hangarau i te mea noa, e ai ki tā Strano. He tino pakari tēnei aramid, ko te tikanga ka taea e tātou te whakakapi i ngā kirihou o ia rā, mai i ngā peita ki ngā putea ki ngā takai kai, me ngā rauemi iti ake, kaha ake hoki. I tāpiri atu a Strano, mai i te tirohanga oranga tonutanga, he taahiraa tika tēnei pūmua 2D tino kaha ki te whakaora i te ao mai i te kirihou.
Ko Shi En Kim (ko Kim tōna ingoa rongonui) he kaituhi pūtaiao motuhake i whānau mai i Mareia, he tauira ētita hoki mō te Pūtaiao rongonui o te Koanga 2022. He maha āna tuhinga mō ngā kaupapa mai i ngā whakamahinga rerekē o ngā tukutuku pungawerewere—te tangata, ngā pungawerewere rānei—ki ngā kaikohi para i te wāhi o waho.
Kāore anō te waka mokowhiti Starliner a Boeing kia tae atu ki te Teihana Wāhi Ātea o te Ao, engari e tino tumanako ana ngā tohunga ka taea te whakamātautau i tētahi rerenga tuatoru.
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Te wā tuku: Mei-19-2022