Iingcali zenzululwazi zenze iplastiki elingana nentsimbi - eyomeleleyo kodwa ayinzima.Iiplastiki, ezo khemisti ngamanye amaxesha zibizwa ngokuba ziipolymers, ziyiklasi yeemolekyuli ze-long-chain ezenziwe ngeeyunithi eziphindaphindiweyo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-monomers.Ngokungafaniyo neepolymers zangaphambili zamandla afanayo, izinto ezintsha ziza kuphela kwi-membrane form.Iphinde ibe ngamaxesha angama-50 ngaphezu kweyona ndawo ingabonakaliyo ye-polymer engabonakaliyo kwi-polymers ye-polymer. ye-synthesis.Inkqubo, eyenzeka kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, ifuna izinto ezitshiphu kuphela, kwaye i-polymer inokuveliswa ngobuninzi kwiishiti ezinkulu ezinobunzima bee-nanometers kuphela.
Izinto ezithintekayo zibizwa ngokuba yi-polyamide, inethiwekhi edibeneyo yeeyunithi ze-amide molecular (i-amides ngamaqela ekhemikhali ye-nitrogen efakwe kwi-oxygen-bonded athom ye-carbon)) Iipolymers ezinjalo ziquka i-Kevlar, i-fiber esetyenziselwa ukwenza i-bulletproof vests, kunye ne-Nomex, i-fat-resistant fabric.N amandla apheleleyo ezinto eziphathekayo.
"Banamathela kunye njengeVelcro," watsho umbhali okhokelayo uMichael Strano, i-MIT yeekhemikhali injineli.Izixhobo zokukrazula azifuni nje ukuphula amakhonkco e-molecular, kodwa ziphinde zinqobe i-giant intermolecular hydrogen bonds ezityhutyha yonke i-polymer bundle.
Ukongezelela, i-polymers entsha inokwenza ngokuzenzekelayo i-flakes.Oku kwenza ukuba izinto zibe lula ukuqhutyelwa, njengoko zingenziwa kwiifilimu ezincinci okanye zisetyenziswe njenge-coating-film surface coating.I-polymers eziqhelekileyo zivame ukukhula njengamatyathanga anqamlekileyo, okanye ngokuphindaphindiweyo isebe kunye nekhonkco kwimilinganiselo emithathu, kungakhathaliseki ukuba i-orientation.Kodwa iipolymers ze-Strano zikhula ngendlela ekhethekileyo kwi-2D ukwenza i-nanosheets.
"Ngaba ungadibanisa ephepheni? Kuyavela ukuba, kwiimeko ezininzi, awukwazi ukuyenza de kube ngumsebenzi wethu," utshilo uStrano. Kulo msebenzi wamva nje, iqela lakhe liwoyisile umqobo ukwenza olu hlanganiso lunamacala mabini lwenzeke.
Isizathu sokuba i-polyaramides ibe nolwakhiwo olucwangcisiweyo kukuba i-polymer synthesis ibandakanya indlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-autocatalytic templating: njengoko i-polymer yandisa kwaye inamathela kwiibhloko zokwakha ze-monomer, uthungelwano olukhulayo lwepolymer lubangela ukuba ii-monomers ezilandelayo zidibanise kuphela kwicala elifanelekileyo ukomeleza umanyano lwe-two-dimensional structure. ngaphezu kweenanometers ezi-4 ubukhulu. Loo nto iphantse ibe yisigidi esinye sobukhulu bephepha eliqhelekileyo leofisi.
Ukulinganisa iipropathi zemishini yezinto zepolymer, abaphandi balinganisa amandla afunekayo ukukhupha imingxuma kwiphepha lezinto eziphathekayo kunye nenaliti entle. kwiindawo zetsimbi, ezifana neenqwelo zemoto, okanye njenge-filter yokucoca amanzi.Kumsebenzi wokugqibela, i-membrane yokucoca efanelekileyo kufuneka ibe yincinci kodwa yomelele ngokwaneleyo ukuze imelane noxinzelelo oluphezulu ngaphandle kokuvuza okuncinci, ukungcola okuphazamisayo ekuboneleleni kwethu kokugqibela - ukulungelelaniswa ngokufanelekileyo kwesi sixhobo se-polyamide.
Kwixesha elizayo, uStrano unethemba lokwandisa indlela yokwenza iipolymers ezahlukeneyo ngaphaya kwale analog yeKevlar. Khawufane ucinge ukuguqula iintlobo ezininzi zeepolymers, nokuba zingaqhelekanga ezinokuqhuba umbane okanye ukukhanya, zibe ziifilimu ezibhityileyo ezinokugubungela umphezulu ohlukeneyo, wongezelela.
Ehlabathini elingqongwe ngeeplastiki, uluntu lunesizathu sokuba nemincili malunga nenye i-polymer entsha eneempawu zoomatshini ziyinto eqhelekileyo, uStrano uthe. Le aramid iqinile kakhulu, oku kuthetha ukuba sinokuthatha indawo yeplastiki yemihla ngemihla, ukusuka kwiipeyinti ukuya kwiingxowa ukuya ekupakishweni kokutya, kunye nezixhobo ezimbalwa kunye namandla.
U-Shi En Kim (njengoko edla ngokubizwa ngokuba nguKim) ngumlobi wesayensi osebenza ngokuzimeleyo waseMalaysian kunye ne-Popular Science Spring 2022 intern yokuhlela. Ubhale ngokubanzi kwizihloko ezisusela kusetyenziso olunqabileyo lwe-cobwebs-abantu okanye izigcawu ngokwazo-ukuya kwabaqokeleli benkunkuma kwindawo engaphandle.
Isiphekepheke sikaBoeing's Starliner asikafiki kwiSikhululo saMajukujuku saMazwe ngaMazwe, kodwa iingcali zinethemba lenqwelomoya yovavanyo lwesithathu.
Sithatha inxaxheba kwiNkqubo ye-Amazon Services LLC Associates, inkqubo yentengiso edibeneyo eyenzelwe ukubonelela ngendlela yokuba sifumane iimali ngokuqhagamshela kwi-Amazon.com kunye neendawo ezihambelanayo.Ukubhalisa okanye ukusebenzisa le ndawo kubandakanya ukwamkelwa kweMigqaliselo yethu yeNkonzo.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-19-2022