Masana kimiyya sun ƙirƙiri filastik daidai da ƙarfe - mai ƙarfi amma ba mai nauyi ba. Roba, wanda masana kimiyyar sinadarai ke kira polymers, wani nau'in ƙwayoyin dogon sarka ne da aka yi da raka'o'i masu maimaitawa na gajeru da ake kira monomers. Ba kamar tsoffin polymers masu ƙarfi iri ɗaya ba, sabon abu yana zuwa ne kawai a cikin siffar membrane. Hakanan ya fi iska sau 50 fiye da filastik mafi hana shiga ruwa a kasuwa. Wani abin lura na wannan polymer shine sauƙin haɗa shi. Tsarin, wanda ke faruwa a zafin ɗaki, yana buƙatar kayan aiki masu arha kawai, kuma ana iya samar da polymer ɗin da yawa a cikin manyan zanen gado waɗanda suka yi kauri nanometers kawai. Masu binciken sun ba da rahoton bincikensu a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu a cikin mujallar Nature.
Ana kiran kayan da ake magana a kai polyamide, hanyar sadarwa mai zare ta raka'o'in kwayoyin amide (amides ƙungiyoyin sinadarai ne na nitrogen da aka haɗa da atom ɗin carbon da aka haɗa da iskar oxygen). Irin waɗannan polymers sun haɗa da Kevlar, zare da ake amfani da shi don yin riguna masu hana harsashi, da Nomex, masana'anta mai jure wuta. Kamar Kevlar, ƙwayoyin polyamide da ke cikin sabon kayan suna da alaƙa da juna ta hanyar haɗin hydrogen tare da tsawon sarƙoƙinsu, wanda ke ƙara ƙarfin kayan gaba ɗaya.
"Suna mannewa tare kamar Velcro," in ji babban marubucin Michael Strano, injiniyan sinadarai na MIT. Yage kayan ba wai kawai yana buƙatar karya sarƙoƙin kwayoyin halitta ba, har ma da shawo kan manyan haɗin hydrogen na intermolecular waɗanda ke ratsa dukkan tarin polymer.
Bugu da ƙari, sabbin polymers na iya samar da flakes ta atomatik. Wannan yana sa kayan ya zama mai sauƙin sarrafawa, domin ana iya yin shi zuwa siririn fim ko kuma a yi amfani da shi azaman rufin saman siririn fim. Polymers na gargajiya suna girma azaman sarƙoƙi masu layi, ko kuma akai-akai suna reshewa da haɗawa a cikin girma uku, ba tare da la'akari da yanayin ba. Amma polymers na Strano suna girma ta hanya ta musamman a cikin 2D don samar da nanosheets.
"Za ku iya tattarawa a kan takarda? Ya zama, a mafi yawan lokuta, ba za ku iya yin hakan ba har sai aikinmu," in ji Strano. "Don haka, mun sami sabuwar hanya." A cikin wannan aikin na baya-bayan nan, ƙungiyarsa ta shawo kan wata matsala don samar da wannan tarin abubuwa biyu.
Dalilin da yasa polyaramides ke da tsarin planar shine cewa haɗakar polymer ta ƙunshi wata hanya da ake kira autocatalytic templating: yayin da polymer ke tsawaitawa da mannewa ga tubalan ginin monomer, hanyar sadarwa ta polymer mai girma tana haifar da monomers masu zuwa don kawai su haɗu a hanya madaidaiciya don ƙarfafa haɗin tsarin girma biyu. Masu binciken sun nuna cewa za su iya shafa polymer ɗin cikin sauƙi a kan wafers don ƙirƙirar laminates mai faɗi da inci ƙasa da nanometer 4. Wannan shine kusan miliyan ɗaya na kauri na takardar ofis na yau da kullun.
Domin ƙididdige halayen injina na kayan polymer, masu binciken sun auna ƙarfin da ake buƙata don huda ramuka a cikin takardar kayan da aka dakatar da allura mai laushi. Wannan polyamide hakika ya fi polymers na gargajiya tauri kamar nailan, masana'anta da ake amfani da ita don yin parachutes. Abin mamaki, yana ɗaukar ƙarfi sau biyu don warware wannan polyamide mai ƙarfi fiye da ƙarfe mai kauri iri ɗaya. A cewar Strano, ana iya amfani da sinadarin a matsayin murfin kariya akan saman ƙarfe, kamar veneers na mota, ko kuma a matsayin matattara don tsarkake ruwa. A cikin aikin na ƙarshe, membrane ɗin matattara mai kyau yana buƙatar siriri amma mai ƙarfi don jure matsin lamba mai yawa ba tare da zubar da ƙananan gurɓatattun abubuwa a cikin wadatarmu ta ƙarshe ba - wanda ya dace da wannan kayan polyamide.
Nan gaba, Strano yana fatan faɗaɗa hanyar polymerization zuwa polymers daban-daban fiye da wannan analog na Kevlar. "Polymers suna kewaye da mu," in ji shi. "Suna yin komai." Ka yi tunanin juya nau'ikan polymers daban-daban, har ma da waɗanda ba na waje ba waɗanda za su iya gudanar da wutar lantarki ko haske, zuwa sirara waɗanda za su iya rufe wurare daban-daban, ya ƙara da cewa. "Saboda wannan sabon tsarin, wataƙila za a iya amfani da wasu nau'ikan polymers yanzu," in ji Stano.
A cikin duniyar da ke kewaye da robobi, al'umma tana da dalilin yin farin ciki game da wani sabon polymer wanda halayen injina ba su da wani abu na yau da kullun, in ji Strano. Wannan aramid yana da matuƙar ɗorewa, wanda ke nufin za mu iya maye gurbin robobi na yau da kullun, daga fenti zuwa jakunkuna zuwa marufi na abinci, da ƙarancin kayan aiki masu ƙarfi. Strano ya ƙara da cewa daga mahangar dorewa, wannan polymer mai ƙarfi na 2D mataki ne mai kyau don 'yantar da duniya daga robobi.
Shi En Kim (kamar yadda aka fi kiranta Kim) marubuciya ce mai zaman kanta 'yar ƙasar Malaysia kuma ɗalibiyar ɗaliba a fannin nazarin kimiyya a lokacin bazara na 2022. Ta yi rubutu sosai kan batutuwa da suka shafi amfani da yanar gizo na gizo-gizo—mutane ko gizo-gizo da kansu—zuwa masu tattara shara a sararin samaniya.
Jirgin saman Boeing Starliner bai isa tashar sararin samaniya ta duniya ba tukuna, amma kwararru suna da kwarin gwiwa game da gwajin jirgin na uku.
Mu masu shiga cikin Shirin Abokan Hulɗa na Amazon Services LLC ne, wani shirin tallan haɗin gwiwa wanda aka tsara don samar mana da hanyar samun kuɗi ta hanyar haɗawa zuwa Amazon.com da shafukan yanar gizo masu alaƙa. Yin rijista ko amfani da wannan rukunin yanar gizon yana nufin karɓar Sharuɗɗan Sabis ɗinmu.
Lokacin Saƙo: Mayu-19-2022