Masayendisiti akasika mapurasitiki akaenzana nesimbi - yakasimba asi isingaremi.Plastics, iyo makemikari dzimwe nguva anodana mapolymers, ikirasi yemamorekuru akareba-cheni akaumbwa nezvikamu zvipfupi zvinodzokorora zvinonzi monomers.Kusiyana nemapolymers ekare esimba rakafanana, zvinhu zvitsva zvinongouya mu membrane form.Iyo zvakare 50 times more airtight pane the most marketable aspectable of this polymer is simplicity. of synthesis.Maitirwo acho, anoitika patembiricha yekamuri, anongoda zvinhu zvakachipa chete, uye polima inogona kugadzirwa-zhinji mumashiti makuru anongokora nanometers.Vatsvakurudzi vanorondedzera zvavakawana Feb. 2 mumagazini Nature.
Nyaya iri kutaurwa inonzi polyamide, threaded network yeamide molecular units (amides ndiwo mapoka emakemikari enitrogen akabatanidzwa neoxygen-bonded carbon atomu) Mapolymers akadaro anosanganisira Kevlar, fiber inoshandiswa kugadzira mabhanhire evhavha, uye Nomex, jira rinodzivirira moto.Kufanana naKevlar, mamorekuru epolyamide anowedzera mumakemikari matsva pamwe chete nehurefu hwema hydrogen ayo akabatanidzwa kune imwe neimwe yezvinhu zvitsva zvinosanganiswa nehurefu hwema hydrogen. simba rose rezvinhu.
"Vanonamatira pamwe chete seVelcro," akadaro munyori anotungamirira Michael Strano, MIT kemikari injiniya.Kubvarura zvinhu zvinoda kwete kungoputsa munhu mumwe nomumwe cheni dzema molecular, asiwo kukunda giant intermolecular hydrogen bonds iyo inopinda mupolymer bundle yose.
Mukuwedzera, mapolymers matsva anogona kungoita mazhenje.Izvi zvinoita kuti zvinhu zvive nyore kugadzirisa, sezvo zvinogona kugadzirwa kuva mafirimu matete kana kushandiswa sechinhu chakaonda-firimu pamusoro pekuputira.Mapolymers echinyakare anowanzokura semaketani ane mutsara, kana kuti kakawanda davi uye anobatanidza muzvikamu zvitatu, pasinei nekutarisa.Asi mapolymers eStrano anokura nenzira yakasiyana mu2D kuti iite nanosheets.
"Ungagona here kuunganidza pabepa? Zvinoitika, kazhinji, haugone kuzviita kusvika basa redu," akadaro Strano. Mune iri basa richangoburwa, timu yake yakakunda chipingamupinyi kuita kuti kuunganidzwa kwemativi maviri uku kugoneke.
Chikonzero chinonzi polyaramides ine planar chimiro ndechekuti polymer synthesis inosanganisira nzira inonzi autocatalytic templating: nepo polima ichirebesa uye inonamira kune monomer zvidhinha zvekuvaka, iyo inokura polymer network inoitisa anotevera mamonomeri kuti asanganise munzira chaiyo kusimbisa mubatanidzwa wembiri. kupfuura 4 nanometers ukobvu.Iyo ingangoita miriyoni imwe yeukobvu hwenguva dzose bepa remuhofisi.
Kuti vaverenge ma mechanical properties ye polymer material, vatsvakurudzi vakayera simba rinodiwa kukwenya maburi mubepa rakarembera rezvinhu zvine tsono yakanaka. Iyi polyamide yakaoma zvechokwadi kudarika mapolymer echinyakare akaita senaironi, jira rinoshandiswa kugadzira parachuti. panzvimbo dzesimbi, dzakadai semotokari dzemotokari, kana sesefa yekuchenesa mvura.Mukushanda kwekupedzisira, iyo yakakodzera sefa membrane inoda kuva yakaonda asi yakasimba zvakakwana kuti imirire kudzvinyirira kwakakwirira pasina kubuda zviduku, zvinosvibisa zvinosvibisa mumagetsi edu ekupedzisira - kukwana kwakakwana kune iyi polyamide zvinhu.
Mune ramangwana, Strano anotarisira kuwedzera nzira yepolymerization kune akasiyana mapolymer kupfuura iyi analogi yeKevlar." Mapolymers akatitenderedza," akadaro. Fungidzira uchishandura akawanda akasiyana mapolymers, kunyangwe ekunze anogona kuitisa magetsi kana mwenje, kuita mafirimu matete anogona kuvhara akasiyana siyana, anowedzera.
Munyika yakakomberedzwa nemapurasitiki, nzanga ine chikonzero chekufara pamusoro peimwe polymer itsva ine mechanical properties isingaiti, akadaro Strano. Iyi aramid yakasimba zvakanyanya, zvinoreva kuti tinogona kutsiva mapurasitiki emazuva ose, kubva papendi kusvika kumabhegi kusvika pakuiswa kwezvokudya, nezvinhu zvishoma uye zvakasimba.
Shi En Kim (sekudanwa kwaanoitwa Kim) munyori wesainzi akazvarwa muMalaysia uye Popular Science Spring 2022 editorial intern. Akanyora zvakawanda pamusoro pemisoro inobvira pakushandiswa kwedandemutande—vanhu kana kuti dandemutande pacharo—kusvika vanonhonga marara muchadenga.
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Nguva yekutumira: May-19-2022