Abahanga bakoze plastike ihwanye nicyuma - ikomeye ariko ntabwo iremereye.Plastike, abahanga mu bya shimi rimwe na rimwe bita polymers, ni itsinda rya molekile ndende ndende igizwe nibice bigufi byisubiramo byitwa monomers.Ntabwo bimeze nka polymers zabanjirije imbaraga zimwe, ibikoresho bishya biza gusa muburyo bwa membrane.Ni kandi nubushyuhe bwikubye inshuro 50 kurenza plastike idashobora kwinjizwa gusa kuri sisitemu. ibikoresho bihendutse, na polymer birashobora gukorerwa cyane mumpapuro nini zifite uburebure bwa nanometero gusa.Abashakashatsi batangaza ibyo babonye ku ya 2 Gashyantare mu kinyamakuru Nature.
Ibikoresho bivugwa byitwa polyamide, umuyoboro uhujwe na amide ya molekile ya amide (amide ni amatsinda ya chimique ya azote yometse kuri atome ya karubone ihujwe na ogisijeni) .Polimeri nyinshi zirimo Kevlar, fibre ikoreshwa mu gukora amakoti y’amasasu, na Nomex, umwenda utarinda umuriro.Nk'uko Kevlar, molekile ya polyamide mu bikoresho bishya bihuza imbaraga zose hamwe n’imigozi ya hydrogène.
Umwanditsi mukuru, Michael Strano, injeniyeri y’imiti ya MIT yagize ati: "Zifatanije nka Velcro." Ibikoresho byo gutobora ntibisaba gusa guca iminyururu ya molekile imwe gusa, ahubwo bisaba no gutsinda imigozi minini ya hydrogène ya hydrogène ihuza ibice byose bya polymer.
Byongeye kandi, polymers nshya irashobora guhita ikora flake.Ibi bituma ibikoresho byoroha gutunganywa, kuko bishobora gukorwa muma firime yoroheje cyangwa bigakoreshwa nkuburinganire bwa firime yoroheje. Polimeri gakondo ikunda gukura nkurunigi rwumurongo, cyangwa amashami menshi kandi igahuza mubice bitatu, hatitawe ku cyerekezo.Ariko polymers ya Strano ikura muburyo budasanzwe muri 2D kugirango ikore nanosheets.
Strano ati: "Urashobora kwegeranya ku rupapuro? Biragaragara ko akenshi udashobora kubikora kugeza igihe tuzakora.", Twabonye rero uburyo bushya. " Muri iki gikorwa giherutse, itsinda rye ryatsinze inzitizi kugirango iki giterane cyibice bibiri gishoboke.
Impamvu polyaramide ifite imiterere ya planari nuko synthesis ya polymer ikubiyemo uburyo bwitwa autocatalytic templating: nkuko polymer yongerera kandi igakomeza kumyubakire ya monomer, umuyoboro wa polymer ukura utera monomers gukurikira gusa guhuza icyerekezo cyiza kugirango ushimangire ubumwe bwombi.imiterere yubunini.Abashakashatsi berekanye ko bashobora gutwikira byoroshye polimeri mubisubizo bya metero imwe. y'impapuro zisanzwe zo mu biro.
Kugirango bagereranye imiterere yubukanishi bwibikoresho bya polymer, abashakashatsi bapimye imbaraga zisabwa kugirango bashobore gutobora umwobo mumpapuro zahagaritswe hamwe nurushinge rwiza.Iyi polyamide rwose irakomeye kuruta polymers gakondo nka nylon, umwenda wakoreshwaga mu gukora parasite. Igitangaje ni uko bisaba imbaraga zikubye kabiri kugirango ucukure iyi polyamide ikomeye cyane nkicyuma gikingira ibyuma, nkuko byerekanwa na strano, nkuko byanditswe kuri Strano. cyangwa nk'akayunguruzo koza amazi. Mubikorwa byanyuma, icyuma cyiza cyo kuyungurura gikeneye kuba cyoroshye ariko kigakomera bihagije kugirango gihangane n’umuvuduko mwinshi utarinze kumeneka ibintu bito, byangiza ibintu byanyuma - bikwiranye nibi bikoresho bya polyamide.
Mu bihe biri imbere, Strano yizeye ko uburyo bwa polymerizasiya bugera kuri polymers zitandukanye zirenze iyi Kevlar. "Ati:" Polimeri iratuzengurutse. "Ati:" Bakora byose. " Tekereza guhindura ubwoko butandukanye bwa polymers, ndetse n’ibidasanzwe bishobora gutwara amashanyarazi cyangwa urumuri, bigahinduka firime zoroshye zishobora gutwikira ahantu hatandukanye, yongeyeho ati: "Kubera ubu buryo bushya, ahari ubundi bwoko bwa polymers bushobora gukoreshwa ubu".
Mu isi ikikijwe na plastiki, societe ifite impamvu zo kwishimira indi polymer nshya ifite imiterere yubukanishi ntakindi ariko gisanzwe, Strano ati.Iyi aramid iraramba cyane, bivuze ko dushobora gusimbuza plastiki ya buri munsi, kuva kumarangi kugeza kumifuka kugeza kubipfunyika ibiryo, hamwe nibikoresho bike kandi bikomeye.Strano yongeyeho ko duhereye ku buryo burambye, iyi polymer ikomeye cyane 2D ni intambwe nziza yo kubohora isi plastike.
Shi En Kim (nkuko bakunze kwita Kim) ni umwanditsi w’ubumenyi wigenga wavukiye muri Maleziya akaba n'umwanditsi wimenyereza umwuga wa Science Science Spring 2022.Yanditse byinshi ku ngingo zerekeranye no gukoresha amacenga - abantu cyangwa igitagangurirwa ubwabo - kugeza ku bakusanya imyanda mu kirere.
Icyogajuru cya Boining Starliner ntikiragera kuri sitasiyo mpuzamahanga, ariko abahanga bafite icyizere cyo guhaguruka kwa gatatu.
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Igihe cyoherejwe: Gicurasi-19-2022