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Asayansi apanga pulasitiki yofanana ndi chitsulo - yolimba koma osati yolemetsa.Mapulasitiki, omwe akatswiri a zamankhwala nthawi zina amawatcha ma polima, ndi gulu la mamolekyu aatali opangidwa ndi mayunitsi obwerezabwereza otchedwa monomers.Mosiyana ndi ma polima am'mbuyo a mphamvu zomwezo, zinthu zatsopanozi zimangobwera mu mawonekedwe a nembanemba.Ilinso nthawi 50 kuposa mpweya wambiri kuposa wosawoneka bwino kwambiri wa pulasitiki wa polymer iyi. ya kaphatikizidwe.Njirayi, yomwe imachitika kutentha kwa chipinda, imafuna zipangizo zotsika mtengo, ndipo polima akhoza kupangidwa mochuluka m'mapepala akuluakulu omwe ali ndi nanometers okha.
Zomwe zikufunsidwazo zimatchedwa polyamide, network yolumikizidwa ya ma amide molecular unit (amides ndi magulu a mankhwala a nayitrogeni omwe amamangiriridwa ku maatomu a kaboni opangidwa ndi okosijeni) . mphamvu yonse ya zinthu.
"Iwo amamatira pamodzi ngati Velcro," anatero mlembi wamkulu Michael Strano, MIT mankhwala injiniya. Kung'ambitsa zipangizo amafuna osati kuswa munthu maselo unyolo, komanso kugonjetsa chimphona intermolecular hydrogen zomangira kuti amadutsa lonse polima mtolo.
Kuonjezera apo, ma polima atsopano amatha kupanga ma flakes.Izi zimapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zikhale zosavuta kuzikonza, chifukwa zimatha kupangidwa kukhala mafilimu owonda kwambiri kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati filimu yopyapyala pamwamba.Ma polima achikhalidwe amayamba kukula ngati maunyolo ozungulira, kapena mobwerezabwereza nthambi ndi kugwirizana mu miyeso itatu, mosasamala kanthu za orientation.Koma ma polima a Strano amakula mwa njira yapadera mu 2D kupanga nanosheets.
"Kodi mungaphatikize papepala? Zimakhala kuti, nthawi zambiri, simungathe kuchita mpaka ntchito yathu," adatero Strano. Mu ntchito yaposachedwa iyi, gulu lake lidagonjetsa chopinga kuti gulu la mbali ziwiri litheke.
Chifukwa polyaramides ndi dongosolo planar ndi kuti polima kaphatikizidwe kumaphatikizapo limagwirira otchedwa autocatalytic templating: monga polima kutalikitsa ndi kumamatira ku monoma kumanga midadada, ndi kukula polima maukonde induces wotsatira monomers kokha Kuphatikiza mu njira yoyenera kulimbikitsa mgwirizano wa two.dimensional structure.The ofufuza anasonyeza kuti iwo akanakhoza mosavuta polima polima kulenga chotchinga chotchinga-inchi chotchinga chotchinga chotchinga-inchi. kukhuthala kwa nanometers 4. Izi ndi pafupifupi miliyoni imodzi kukula kwa pepala lokhazikika laofesi.
Kuti athe kuwerengera mphamvu zamakina a zinthu za polima, ochita kafukufuku anayeza mphamvu yofunikira kubowola mabowo mu pepala loyimitsidwa ndi singano yabwino. pazitsulo zazitsulo, monga ma veneers a galimoto, kapena ngati fyuluta yoyeretsa madzi.Mu ntchito yomalizayi, nembanemba yoyenera ya fyuluta iyenera kukhala yopyapyala koma yolimba kwambiri kuti ikhale yolimba kwambiri popanda kutulutsa zowonongeka zazing'ono, zowonongeka muzinthu zathu zomaliza - zoyenera bwino za polyamide iyi.
M'tsogolomu, Strano akuyembekeza kukulitsa njira yopangira ma polima ku ma polima osiyanasiyana kupitilira analogi ya Kevlar." Ma polima ali ponseponse, "adatero." Tangoganizani kutembenuza ma polima amitundu yosiyanasiyana, ngakhale achilendo omwe amatha kuyendetsa magetsi kapena kuwala, kukhala mafilimu opyapyala omwe amatha kuphimba malo osiyanasiyana, akuwonjezera.
M'dziko lozunguliridwa ndi mapulasitiki, anthu ali ndi chifukwa chokhalira okondwa ndi polima wina watsopano yemwe makina ake sali wamba, Strano adati.
Shi En Kim (monga momwe amatchulidwira Kim) ndi mlembi wa sayansi wodziyimira pawokha wobadwira ku Malaysia komanso wolemba mkonzi wa Popular Science Spring 2022. Walemba mozama pamitu kuyambira pakugwiritsa ntchito kwaubweya kwaubweya—anthu kapena akangaude okha—kufikira otolera zinyalala m’mlengalenga.
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