Ua hana nā kānaka ʻepekema i ka plastic e like me ke kila — ikaika akā ʻaʻole kaumaha. ʻO nā plastik, ka mea i kapa ʻia e ka poʻe chemist i kekahi manawa he polymers, he papa o nā molekole kaulahao lōʻihi i hana ʻia me nā ʻāpana pōkole i kapa ʻia he monomers. ke kaʻina hana, i hana ʻia ma ka lumi wela, pono nā mea liʻiliʻi wale nō, a hiki ke hana nui ʻia ka polymer i nā lau nui i nā nanometers mānoanoa. Hōʻike nā mea noiʻi i kā lākou ʻike ʻo Feb. 2 ma ka puke pai Nature.
Kapa ʻia ka mea i nīnau ʻia he polyamide, he ʻupena wili o nā ʻāpana amide molecular (amides he hui kemika nitrogen i hoʻopili ʻia i nā ʻātoma kalapona i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka oxygen). mea waiwai.
"Pili pū lākou e like me Velcro," wahi a Michael Strano, ka mea kākau alakaʻi, he ʻenekini MIT chemical.
Eia kekahi, hiki i nā polymers hou ke hana maʻalahi i nā flakes. ʻO kēia ka mea e maʻalahi ai ka hana, no ka mea hiki ke hana ʻia i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni a i hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka uhi ʻana i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi.
"Hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻuluʻulu ma kahi ʻāpana pepa? ʻIke ʻia, ma ka hapanui o nā hihia, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hana a hiki i kā mākou hana, "wahi a Strano. "No laila, ua loaʻa iā mākou kahi hana hou. " Ma kēia hana i hala iho nei, ua lanakila kāna hui i mea e hiki ai i kēia hui ʻelua-dimensional.
ʻO ke kumu i loaʻa ai i ka polyaramides kahi hoʻolālā planar ʻo ia ka polymer synthesis e pili ana i kahi mīkini i kapa ʻia ʻo autocatalytic templating: ʻoiai ka lōʻihi o ka polymer a hoʻopaʻa i nā poloka hale monomer, ʻo ka ulu ʻana o ka polymer network e hoʻoulu i nā monomers ma hope e hoʻohui wale i ka ʻaoʻao kūpono e hoʻoikaika i ka hui ʻana o ka ʻano ʻelua. 4 nanometers mānoanoa. He aneane hoʻokahi miliona ka mānoanoa o ka pepa keʻena maʻamau.
No ka helu ʻana i nā waiwai mechanical o ka mea polymer, ua ana nā mea noiʻi i ka ikaika e koi ʻia e ʻoki i nā lua i loko o kahi pepa i hoʻokuʻu ʻia me ka nila maikaʻi. e like me nā veneers kaʻa, aiʻole ma keʻano he kānana e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ai i ka wai. Ma ka hana hope, pono e lahilahi ka membrane kānana maikaʻi akā ikaika e kū i nā kaomi kiʻekiʻe me ka hoʻokuʻuʻoleʻana i nā mea hoʻohaumia liʻiliʻi i loko o kā mākou lako hope - he kūpono kūpono no kēia mea polyamide.
I ka wā e hiki mai ana, manaʻo ʻo Strano e hoʻonui i ke ʻano polymerization i nā polymers ʻē aʻe ma mua o kēia analog Kevlar. E noʻonoʻo i ka hoʻohuli ʻana i nā ʻano polymers he nui, ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe e hiki ke alakaʻi i ka uila a i ʻole ka māmā, i loko o nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni lahilahi hiki ke uhi i nā ʻano like ʻole, wahi a ia.
I loko o kahi honua i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā plastics, ʻo ka lehulehu ke kumu e hauʻoli ai e pili ana i kekahi polymer hou nona nā waiwai mechanical he mea maʻamau wale nō, wahi a Strano.
ʻO Shi En Kim (ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau i kapa ʻia ʻo Kim) he mea kākau ʻepekema manuahi i hānau ʻia ma Malaysia a me Popular Science Spring 2022 editorial intern.
ʻAʻole i hōʻea ka mokulele Starliner o Boeing i ka International Space Station, akā manaʻo ka poʻe loea e pili ana i ke kolu o ka lele hoʻāʻo.
He mea komo mākou i ka Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, kahi papahana hoʻolaha pili i hoʻolālā ʻia e hāʻawi i kahi ala no mākou e loaʻa ai nā uku ma ka loulou i Amazon.com a me nā pūnaewele pili.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mei-19-2022